James I: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 20:25, 10 July 2022

19 June 1566 - 27 March 1622. James VI King of Scots 1567-1625. James I King of England 1603-1625.

As the son of Mary, Queen of Scots and her second husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, James became King of Scots on 19 July 1567 at the age of 13 months, when his mother was forced to abdicate and fled to England. James never saw his mother again but was in touch via letters with her, however, they did not have a good relationship and he did not do much to help Mary in captivity, nor to prevent her execution.

Being a boy King, he had counsellors ruling in his name. He was raised as a Protestant and received a good education. When Elizabeth I died childless in 1603, James succeeded her on the English throne as James I of England. He was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 25 July 1603 becoming the first Stuart King to unite the English and the Scottish Crowns. His attempt to unite the governments, however, was not successful, but the transition was rather peaceful.

Shortly after his succession to the English throne, in 1605, there was a failed attempt to blow up Parliament and to have him killed, which is today known as Gunpowder Plot and still celebrated at Guy Fawkes Night on 5 November. Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators brought gunpowder to one of the chambers, but the attempt was discovered and prevented before it was too late.

James married Anne of Denmark in 1589 and had eight children with her, of whom only three (Henry, Elizabeth and Charles) survived infancy. His son Henry died at age 18, and thus his younger son Charles succeeded him. James wanted Charles to marry the Spanish Princess and sent him to Spain, but the trip failed. Mixed reception in historiography: on the one hand intellectual and interested in philosophy and the arts, on the other hand promoter of the divine right of kings, favoritism, persecution of witches and smokers. Via his daughter Elizabeth, he is the ninth great-grandfather of ruling Queen Elizabeth II.

King James loved the arts and was the patron of William Shakespeare’s company, the King’s Men. Drama flourished at his court. He further had the (King James’) Bible translated into English. James wrote Daemonologie in 1597, which is said to have inspired Shakespeare’s play Macbeth [source?]. Daemonologie is about magic, witchcraft and spirits and James firmly believed in the persecution of witches.

The first town in North America was called Jamestown in his honor in 1607 and in 1624, Virginia became the King’s Royal Colony.

When he died in 1625, James had been King for 58 years.

Sources

"King James I (1603 - 1625)." Britroyals, http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james1. Accessed 8 June 2022.
"James I (r. 1603-1625)." royal.uk, https://www.royal.uk/james-i. Accessed 8 June 2022.
“James VI and I.” National Museum Scotland, https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/james-vi-and-i/. Accessed 8 June 2022.
Cole, Mary Hill. "James VI and I (1566–1625)." Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities, (22 Dec. 2021). Web. 7 Jun. 2022. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/james-vi-and-i-1566-1625/. Accessed 8 June 2022.
“King James VI and I’s Demonology, 1597.” British Library, https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/king-james-vi-and-is-demonology-1597. Accessed 8 June 2022.
“James I of England.” World History Encyclopedia, https://www.worldhistory.org/James_I_of_England/. Accessed 8 June 2022.

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-'''James I of England''' (19 June 1566 - 27 March 1625) reigned as '''James VI King of Scots''' from 1567-1625 and as '''James I King of England''' from 1603-1625.
+June 1566 - 27 March 1622. James VI King of Scots 1567-1625. James I King of England 1603-1625.
-As the son of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] and her second husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley he became King of Scots on 19 July 1567 succeeding his mother at just 13 months of age. When [[Elizabeth I]] died childless in 1603 James succeeded her on the English throne as James I of England. He was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 25 July 1603 becoming the first Stuart King to unite the English and the Scottish Crowns. His attempt to unite the governments, however, were not successful.
+As the son of [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] and her second husband [[Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley]], James became King of Scots on 19 July 1567 at the age of 13 months, when his mother was forced to abdicate and fled to England. James never saw his mother again but was in touch via letters with her, however, they did not have a good relationship and he did not do much to help Mary in captivity, nor to prevent her execution.
-James married Anne of Denmark in 1589 and had eight children with her. Of the three children who survived infancy, his second son [[Charles I]] became his successor after the death of the eldest son Henry. The marriage of his daughter Elizabeth enabled the Hanoverian succession to the English throne.
+Being a boy King, he had counsellors ruling in his name. He was raised as a Protestant and received a good education. When [[Elizabeth I]] died childless in 1603, James succeeded her on the English throne as James I of England. He was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 25 July 1603 becoming the first Stuart King to unite the English and the Scottish Crowns. His attempt to unite the governments, however, was not successful, but the transition was rather peaceful.
-As an arts and literature patron, under James theater productions flourished. Among the "Kings Men" troupe who performed plays for their patron was [[William Shakespeare]] himself. James was intelligent and sensitive and interested in various forms of art, writing a number of works himself. In 1597-8 he wrote [[''The True Law of Free Monarchies'']] in which he compared the king to a father and his subjects to his children. He also commissioned the construction of [[Banqueting House, Whitehall|Banqueting House]], Whitehall the ceiling of which shows the painting "Apotheosis of James I" by Peter Paul Rubens.
+Shortly after his succession to the English throne, in 1605, there was a failed attempt to blow up Parliament and to have him killed, which is today known as [[Gunpowder Plot]] and still celebrated at Guy Fawkes Night on 5 November. Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators brought gunpowder to one of the chambers, but the attempt was discovered and prevented before it was too late.
-James was convinced to be the legitimate heir to the throne through the grace of God which is known as the [[Divine Right of Monarchs]]. James commissioned a new translation of the Bible known as the Authorised King James's Version. He was a tolerant King as far as religion was concerned and only imposed penalties on Roman Catholics after Guy Fawkes' attempt to blow up Parliament in 1605.
+James married [[Anne of Denmark]] in 1589 and had eight children with her, of whom only three (Henry, Elizabeth and Charles) survived infancy. His son Henry died at age 18, and thus his younger son [[Charles I|Charles]] succeeded him. James wanted Charles to marry the Spanish Princess and sent him to Spain, but the trip failed. Mixed reception in historiography: on the one hand intellectual and interested in philosophy and the arts, on the other hand promoter of the divine right of kings, favoritism, persecution of witches and smokers. Via his daughter Elizabeth, he is the ninth great-grandfather of ruling Queen [[Elizabeth II]].
+King James loved the arts and was the patron of William Shakespeare’s company, the King’s Men. Drama flourished at his court. He further had the (King James’) Bible translated into English. James wrote ''Daemonologie'' in 1597, which is said to have inspired Shakespeare’s play ''Macbeth'' [source?]. ''Daemonologie'' is about magic, witchcraft and spirits and James firmly believed in the persecution of witches.
-Sources:
+The first town in North America was called Jamestown in his honor in 1607 and in 1624, Virginia became the King’s Royal Colony.
-Royal British Family. 4 May 2010. [http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james1]
+When he died in 1625, James had been King for 58 years.
-The official website of The British Monarchy. 4 May 2010.[http://www.royal.gov.uk/HistoryoftheMonarchy/KingsandQueensoftheUnitedKingdom/TheStuarts/JamesI.aspx]
+== Sources ==
+* "King James I (1603 - 1625)." ''Britroyals'', http://www.britroyals.com/kings.asp?id=james1. Accessed 8 June 2022.
+* "James I (r. 1603-1625)." ''royal.uk'', https://www.royal.uk/james-i. Accessed 8 June 2022.
+* “James VI and I.” ''National Museum Scotland'', https://www.nms.ac.uk/explore-our-collections/stories/scottish-history-and-archaeology/james-vi-and-i/. Accessed 8 June 2022.
+* Cole, Mary Hill. "James VI and I (1566–1625)." ''Encyclopedia Virginia. Virginia Humanities'', (22 Dec. 2021). Web. 7 Jun. 2022. https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/james-vi-and-i-1566-1625/. Accessed 8 June 2022.
+* “King James VI and I’s ''Demonology'', 1597.” ''British Library'', https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/king-james-vi-and-is-demonology-1597. Accessed 8 June 2022.
+* “James I of England.” ''World History Encyclopedia'', https://www.worldhistory.org/James_I_of_England/. Accessed 8 June 2022.