War of Spanish Succession: Difference between revisions
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After the [[Treaty of Ryswick]] (today: Rijswijk) was signed in 1697 the question of the Spanish succession was at its height. France, England, Holland and Spain, the most powerful states of the time, were the protagonists of this diplomatic conflict. The issue demanded a political solution. Whoever became the successor of | After the [[Treaty of Ryswick]] (today: Rijswijk) was signed in 1697 the question of the Spanish succession was at its height. France, England, Holland and Spain, the most powerful states of the time, were the protagonists of this diplomatic conflict. The issue demanded a political solution. Whoever became the successor of Carlos II of Spain would change the political balance in Europe. The big powers of Europe tried to install themselves as successors of the Spanish [[Hapsburg]]s. The French Bourbons and the Austrian Hapsburgs insisted on their dynastic relation. But England and Holland (both ruled at that time by [[William III|William of Orange]]) did not wish France or Austria to get the full succession and tried to divide the power. In 1699 Carlos decided in his testament that Spain was to be indivisible, however, and nominated [[Philipp of Anjou]] to succeed him. With this decision he excluded Austria and helped France. That was the beginning of a big international conflict. | ||
In 1700 Philipp became King | In 1700 Philipp became King Philipp V of Spain. Louis XIV then saw the chance to unite France and Spain and to gain more power at sea. Philipp V transfered the profitable trading privileges for Middle and South America to Louis and opened Spanish harbours in Europe and overseas. Those decisions were extremely against the interests of England and Holland. To restore the political balance in Europe William united the two sea powers with Austria in an alliance against France. | ||
The War of | The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714) involved nearly the whole of Middle, West and South Europe. During the reign of [[Queen Anne]], [[John Churchill]], Duke of Marlborough successfully continued the war. | ||
France | France offered peace twice in 1709/1710. Louis XIV would also sacrifice the Spanish succession and Alsace. But the negotiations failed because the Allies demanded too much. This changed with the downfall of the [[Whigs]] in 1710 and the death of the Hapsburg Kaiser [[Joseph I]] and resulted in the acceptance of France`s offers. The [[Tories]] were not interested in war anymore and started negotiations with France in 1711 to furthermore avoid the union of Spain and Austria. The result was the [[Treaty of Utrecht|Peace of Utrecht]] in 1713/1714. | ||
== Sources == | |||
* Elze, R./ Repgen, K..''Studienbuch Geschichte.'' Stuttgart: Klett, 1974. | |||
== | * Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands.'' Bonn: Reclam, 2007. | ||
Elze, R./ Repgen, K..''Studienbuch Geschichte.'' Stuttgart: Klett | |||
Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands.'' Bonn: Reclam | |||
Latest revision as of 15:27, 17 April 2019
After the Treaty of Ryswick (today: Rijswijk) was signed in 1697 the question of the Spanish succession was at its height. France, England, Holland and Spain, the most powerful states of the time, were the protagonists of this diplomatic conflict. The issue demanded a political solution. Whoever became the successor of Carlos II of Spain would change the political balance in Europe. The big powers of Europe tried to install themselves as successors of the Spanish Hapsburgs. The French Bourbons and the Austrian Hapsburgs insisted on their dynastic relation. But England and Holland (both ruled at that time by William of Orange) did not wish France or Austria to get the full succession and tried to divide the power. In 1699 Carlos decided in his testament that Spain was to be indivisible, however, and nominated Philipp of Anjou to succeed him. With this decision he excluded Austria and helped France. That was the beginning of a big international conflict.
In 1700 Philipp became King Philipp V of Spain. Louis XIV then saw the chance to unite France and Spain and to gain more power at sea. Philipp V transfered the profitable trading privileges for Middle and South America to Louis and opened Spanish harbours in Europe and overseas. Those decisions were extremely against the interests of England and Holland. To restore the political balance in Europe William united the two sea powers with Austria in an alliance against France.
The War of Spanish Succession (1701-1714) involved nearly the whole of Middle, West and South Europe. During the reign of Queen Anne, John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough successfully continued the war. France offered peace twice in 1709/1710. Louis XIV would also sacrifice the Spanish succession and Alsace. But the negotiations failed because the Allies demanded too much. This changed with the downfall of the Whigs in 1710 and the death of the Hapsburg Kaiser Joseph I and resulted in the acceptance of France`s offers. The Tories were not interested in war anymore and started negotiations with France in 1711 to furthermore avoid the union of Spain and Austria. The result was the Peace of Utrecht in 1713/1714.
Sources
- Elze, R./ Repgen, K..Studienbuch Geschichte. Stuttgart: Klett, 1974.
- Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Bonn: Reclam, 2007.