Second wave - Revision history

Pankratz at 14:58, 15 June 2012

2012-06-15T14:58:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:58, 15 June 2012
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==		== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

	Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom ~~for their original intentions~~ and could show ~~the~~ previous taboos. But it took quite a while until Parliament agreed to do without the Lord Chamberlain's office. The decision-making process was fuelled by three famous plays and one famous theatre scandal: the play was Edward Bond's ''Saved'' (1965), which features a scene in which a baby is stoned to death, and could only be shown as club performance. The other two plays are John Osborne's ''A Patriot for Me'' (1965) (featuring homosexuality) and Bond's ''Early Morning'' (1968) (censored for irreverent depictions of Queen Victoria and her family).		Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom and could show previous taboos. But it took quite a while until Parliament agreed to do without the Lord Chamberlain's office. The decision-making process was fuelled by three famous plays and one famous theatre scandal: the play was Edward Bond's ''Saved'' (1965), which features a scene in which a baby is stoned to death, and hence could only be shown as club performance. The other two plays are John Osborne's ''A Patriot for Me'' (1965) (featuring homosexuality) and Bond's ''Early Morning'' (1968) (censored for irreverent depictions of Queen Victoria and her family).

Pankratz at 14:57, 15 June 2012

2012-06-15T14:57:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:57, 15 June 2012
Line 19:		Line 19:
	Innes, Christopher. ''Modern British Drama 1890-1990''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.		Innes, Christopher. ''Modern British Drama 1890-1990''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

	''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004~~. p. 392-394~~.		''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004.

Pankratz at 14:55, 15 June 2012

2012-06-15T14:55:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:55, 15 June 2012
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==		== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

	Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.		Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos. But it took quite a while until Parliament agreed to do without the Lord Chamberlain's office. The decision-making process was fuelled by three famous plays and one famous theatre scandal: the play was Edward Bond's ''Saved'' (1965), which features a scene in which a baby is stoned to death, and could only be shown as club performance. The other two plays are John Osborne's ''A Patriot for Me'' (1965) (featuring homosexuality) and Bond's ''Early Morning'' (1968) (censored for irreverent depictions of Queen Victoria and her family).
	~~[[Eward Bond]], for example, created~~ a ~~non~~-~~naturalistic~~ and ~~political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody,~~ the ~~historical epic and even opera librettos"~~ (~~Innes~~, ~~p. 157) were not only new themes~~ in ~~these days but also showed his experimantal~~ and ~~influencing style~~. In ''~~[[Saved]]~~'' (1965)~~, one~~ of ~~his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157~~).

	== Fringe Theatre ==		== Fringe Theatre ==

	~~The situation of the workers, the minorities and the homosexuals were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]].~~ This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage because the fringe theatre created many new talented playwrights, that brought the nearness to the audience and the openness for experimental elements and themes, from the intimate and personal stage on the big ~~stage.~~		This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage because the fringe theatre created many new talented playwrights [who??], that brought the nearness to the audience and the openness for experimental elements and themes, from the intimate and personal stage on the big stage.

	Before the rising of the fringe theatre, there were almost exclusively male playwrights dominating the English drama scene. After the establishment of this new form, women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles and other "difficult" subjects. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and the sexual oppression.

	~~== Electronic Media ==~~


	The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.

			Before the emergence of the fringe theatre, there were almost exclusively male playwrights dominating the English drama scene. After the establishment of this new form, women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles and other "difficult" subjects. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and sexual oppression.

KaJel: /* Electronic Media */

2012-06-14T22:52:43Z

Electronic Media

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:52, 14 June 2012
Line 16:		Line 16:


	The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage. ~~[This is usually not seen as part of the Second Wave, but of "postdramatic theatre"]~~		The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.



	----		----
	References		References

			Innes, Christopher. ''Modern British Drama 1890-1990''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

	''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.		''Englische Literaturgeschichte''. ed. Hans Ulrich Seeber. 4th ed. Stuttgart/Weimar: J.B. Metzler, 2004. p. 392-394.

KaJel: /* Fringe Theatre */

2012-06-14T22:15:06Z

Fringe Theatre

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:15, 14 June 2012
Line 9:		Line 9:
	== Fringe Theatre ==		== Fringe Theatre ==

	The situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage~~. [how??]~~		The situation of the workers, the minorities and the homosexuals were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage because the fringe theatre created many new talented playwrights, that brought the nearness to the audience and the openness for experimental elements and themes, from the intimate and personal stage on the big stage.


	~~Women in~~ the theatre ~~reached more prestige~~ and ~~dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979)~~ for ~~example she showed "postmodern permutation of gender roles"~~ and ~~debunked the connection between~~ the ~~British "colonial mentality~~ and the ~~sexual oppression" [source??]. [is Churchill considered Second Wave? I don't think so~~. ~~Please check]~~


			Before the rising of the fringe theatre, there were almost exclusively male playwrights dominating the English drama scene. After the establishment of this new form, women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles and other "difficult" subjects. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed postmodern permutation of gender roles and debunked the connection between the British colonial mentality and the sexual oppression.

	== Electronic Media ==		== Electronic Media ==

KaJel: /* Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt */

2012-06-14T21:38:03Z

Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:38, 14 June 2012
Line 5:		Line 5:

	Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.		Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.
	[[Eward Bond]], for example, created a non-naturalistic and political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody, the historical epic and even opera librettos" (Innes, p. 157) were not only new themes in these days but also showed his experimantal and influencing style. In [[''Saved'']] (1965), one of his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157).		[[Eward Bond]], for example, created a non-naturalistic and political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody, the historical epic and even opera librettos" (Innes, p. 157) were not only new themes in these days but also showed his experimantal and influencing style. In ''[[Saved]]'' (1965), one of his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157).

	== Fringe Theatre ==		== Fringe Theatre ==

KaJel: /* Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt */

2012-06-14T21:37:27Z

Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:37, 14 June 2012
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==		== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

	Until 1968 the representation of "violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes~~" [source of quote??]~~ was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos. [~~How did this happen?? Please give~~ a ~~brief account with special honourable mention~~ of ~~Edward Bond]~~.		Until 1968 the representation of violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.
			[[Eward Bond]], for example, created a non-naturalistic and political drama. His "surreal fantasy, Brechtian parables, stripped-down realism, Shakespearean revisionism or Restoration parody, the historical epic and even opera librettos" (Innes, p. 157) were not only new themes in these days but also showed his experimantal and influencing style. In [[''Saved'']] (1965), one of his major plays, there was a "unusual degree of intellectual consistency" (Innes, p. 157).

	== Fringe Theatre ==		== Fringe Theatre ==

Pankratz at 09:03, 12 June 2012

2012-06-12T09:03:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 12 June 2012
Line 7:		Line 7:


			== Fringe Theatre ==

			The situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre emerged around 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage. [how??]

	~~== Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre ==~~

			Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could experiment with gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed "postmodern permutation of gender roles" and debunked the connection between the British "colonial mentality and the sexual oppression" [source??]. [is Churchill considered Second Wave? I don't think so. Please check]

	The role of gender and feministic influence were not only themes in the works of male playwrights. Women in the theatre reached more prestige and dramatists like e.g. [[Caryl Churchill]] could break with traditional gender roles. In ''[[Cloud Nine]]'' (1979) for example she showed "postmodern permutation of gender roles" and debunked the connection between the British "colonial mentality and the sexual oppression".


	Not only women but also other themes like the situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre was established in 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage.

	== Electronic Media ==		== Electronic Media ==


	The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage.		The last factor that could be categorized into the'' Second Wave'' was the close correlation of the English drama and the electronic media. This form of media was not only a way to reflect the plays critically but also to use it as element within the play e.g. to show film sequence on stage. [This is usually not seen as part of the Second Wave, but of "postdramatic theatre"]

Pankratz at 08:59, 12 June 2012

2012-06-12T08:59:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:59, 12 June 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~Name for the time period~~ in the ~~history of English drama~~, ~~caused~~ by sociopolitical changes ~~at the end of the 1960s~~.		"School" of playwrights working in the 1960s and 1970s, influenced by sociopolitical changes.


	== ~~Political Changes~~ ==		== Stage Censorship and Students' Revolt ==

	~~In 1986 there was a huge sociopolitical revolution in the British society that had influenced~~ the ~~change in the English drama~~, ~~especially in~~ the ~~theatre~~. At this ~~several factors were essential~~ for this ~~modifications~~.		Until 1968 the representation of "violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes" [source of quote??] was censored by the [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos. [How did this happen?? Please give a brief account with special honourable mention of Edward Bond].


	Until 1968 the representation of "violent, blasphemous and sexual improper scenes" was censored by [[Lord Chamberlain]]. After this law was abolished young playwrights had more freedom for their original intentions and could show the previous taboos.

	Another influence for the authors was the revolt of the students in 1968. The politicisation of drama together with the "removal of taboos" caused emancipation in English theatre because now themes like e.g. individuality and gender relationships made it more realistic.

KaJel: /* Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre */

2012-06-10T20:29:13Z

Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:29, 10 June 2012
Line 10:		Line 10:

	Another influence for the authors was the revolt of the students in 1968. The politicisation of drama together with the "removal of taboos" caused emancipation in English theatre because now themes like e.g. individuality and gender relationships made it more realistic.		Another influence for the authors was the revolt of the students in 1968. The politicisation of drama together with the "removal of taboos" caused emancipation in English theatre because now themes like e.g. individuality and gender relationships made it more realistic.


	== Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre ==		== Women Playwrights & Fringe Theatre ==
Line 18:		Line 19:

	Not only women but also other themes like the situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre was established in 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage.		Not only women but also other themes like the situation of the "workers, the minorities and the homosexuals" were characteristic for the [[fringe theatre]]. This form of theatre was established in 1968 and functions as an alternative to the traditional theater because the plays were performed on small stages in the suburbs, basements and factory buildings. This form also influenced the legitimate stage.


	== Electronic Media ==		== Electronic Media ==