Robert Walpole - Revision history

Pankratz at 11:10, 18 April 2019

2019-04-18T11:10:30Z

Pankratz at 11:04, 18 April 2019

2019-04-18T11:04:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:04, 18 April 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
	1676-1745. ~~1st~~ Earl of Orford and first (unofficial) Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.		1676-1745. First Earl of Orford and first (unofficial) Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.

	== Childhood and early years ==		== Childhood and early years ==

Pankratz at 12:28, 29 November 2013

2013-11-29T12:28:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:28, 29 November 2013
Line 1:		Line 1:
	1st Earl of Orford (~~1676-1745~~) ~~was the first~~ Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.		1676-1745. 1st Earl of Orford and first (unofficial) Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.

	== Childhood and early years ==		== Childhood and early years ==
	Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole inherited the family estate. He was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.		Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole inherited the family estate. He was educated at [[Eton]] and at King's College, Cambridge, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.

	== Political career ==		== Political career ==

Pankratz at 10:46, 26 May 2010

2010-05-26T10:46:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 26 May 2010
Line 5:		Line 5:

	== Political career ==		== Political career ==
	His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince ~~Georges~~'s naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.		His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into [[Whigs\|Whig]] society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince George's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.

	The victory of the [[Tories]] in 1712 lead to the temporary downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison for a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.		The victory of the [[Tories]] in 1712 lead to the temporary downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison for a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.

	Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any consistent political programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as [[John Gay]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Jonathan Swift]]. But, more fair-minded writers such as [[Edmund Burke]] exonerated him.		Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any consistent political programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as [[John Gay]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Jonathan Swift]]. But, more fair-minded writers such as [[Edmund Burke]] exonerated him.

WikiSysop at 23:00, 17 May 2010

2010-05-17T23:00:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:00, 17 May 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
	1st Earl of Orford (1676-1745) was the first Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.		1st Earl of Orford (1676-1745) was the first Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.

	~~----~~		== Childhood and early years ==
	==~~'''~~Childhood and early years~~'''~~ ==

	Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole inherited the family estate. He was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.		Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole inherited the family estate. He was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.

	~~----~~		== Political career ==

	==~~'''~~Political career~~'''~~ ==

	His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.		His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.

	The victory of the Tories in 1712 lead to the temporary downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison for a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.		The victory of the [[Tories]] in 1712 lead to the temporary downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison for a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.

	Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any consistent political programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as [[John Gay]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Jonathan Swift]]. But, more fair-minded writers such as [[Edmund Burke]] exonerated him.		Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any consistent political programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as [[John Gay]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Jonathan Swift]]. But, more fair-minded writers such as [[Edmund Burke]] exonerated him.
Line 18:		Line 13:
	He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain in power since the outbreak of the [[War of Jenkins' Ear\|war against Spain]] in 1739.		He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain in power since the outbreak of the [[War of Jenkins' Ear\|war against Spain]] in 1739.

	== ~~'''~~Literature~~'''~~ ==		== Literature ==
	Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.		* Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.
			* Treasure, Geoffrey. ''Who's who in history. Volume IV: England 1714-1789''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969.
	Treasure, Geoffrey. ''Who's who in history. Volume IV: England 1714-1789''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969.		* http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635013/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford

	http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635013/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford

Pankratz at 09:51, 10 November 2009

2009-11-10T09:51:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:51, 10 November 2009
Line 12:		Line 12:
	His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.		His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.

	The victory of the Tories in ~~1702~~ lead to a downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison or a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.		The victory of the Tories in 1712 lead to the temporary downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison for a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.

	Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as John Gay, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding and Jonathan Swift. But, more fair-minded writers such as Edmund Burke exonerated him.		Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any consistent political programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as [[John Gay]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Jonathan Swift]]. But, more fair-minded writers such as [[Edmund Burke]] exonerated him.

	He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain power since the outbreak of the war in 1739.		He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain in power since the outbreak of the [[War of Jenkins' Ear\|war against Spain]] in 1739.

	== '''Literature''' ==		== '''Literature''' ==

Pankratz at 09:47, 10 November 2009

2009-11-10T09:47:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:47, 10 November 2009
Line 4:		Line 4:
	=='''Childhood and early years''' ==		=='''Childhood and early years''' ==

	Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole ~~became the head of~~ the family. He was educated at Eton and at King's, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.		Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole inherited the family estate. He was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.

	----		----
Line 12:		Line 12:
	His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.		His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.

	The victory of the Tories in ~~1720~~ lead to a downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison or a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.		The victory of the Tories in 1702 lead to a downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison or a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.

	Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as John Gay, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding and Jonathan Swift. But, more fair-minded writers such as Edmund Burke exonerated him.		Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as John Gay, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding and Jonathan Swift. But, more fair-minded writers such as Edmund Burke exonerated him.

Pankratz at 15:36, 26 October 2009

2009-10-26T15:36:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:36, 26 October 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~=='''Robert Walpole''' ==~~		1st Earl of Orford (1676-1745) was the first Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.

	~~Sir Robert Walpole,~~ 1st Earl of Orford (1676-1745) was the first Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.

	----		----
	=='''Childhood and early years''' ==		=='''Childhood and early years''' ==

	Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole became the head of the family. He was educated at Eton and at King's, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared an flamboyant taste and way of life.		Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole became the head of the family. He was educated at Eton and at King's, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.

	----		----
Line 12:		Line 10:
	=='''Political career''' ==		=='''Political career''' ==

	His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into ~~the~~ Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, ~~follwed~~ by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.		His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.

	The victory of the Tories in 1720 lead to a downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison or a short time. ~~Walpoles~~ position in ~~the~~ Whig's society got only stronger. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the ~~oportunity~~ to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments ~~like~~ the redemption of ~~debts~~ and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.		The victory of the Tories in 1720 lead to a downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison or a short time. Walpole's position in Whig society got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.

	Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later) ~~from 1721 to 1742, which gave him control over Parliament~~. This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and ~~was supported by~~ the ~~inabilty of~~ [[George I]] and [[George II]]. His tenure was crucial.		Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. And he was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in English politics. His tenure was crucial. Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any programme. He valued stability in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as John Gay, Alexander Pope, Henry Fielding and Jonathan Swift. But, more fair-minded writers such as Edmund Burke exonerated him.
	Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any programme. He valued ~~stabilty~~ in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals.

	He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain power since the outbreak o the war in 1739.		He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain power since the outbreak of the war in 1739.

	== '''Literature''' ==		== '''Literature''' ==
	Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam~~: Stuttgart~~ 2007.		Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.

	Treasure, Geoffrey. Who's who in history. Volume IV: England 1714-1789. Basil Blackwell~~: Oxford~~ 1969.		Treasure, Geoffrey. ''Who's who in history. Volume IV: England 1714-1789''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969.

	http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635013/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford		http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635013/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford

Lady Bracknell at 12:44, 25 October 2009

2009-10-25T12:44:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:44, 25 October 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~{{working\|Lady Bracknell}}~~		=='''Robert Walpole''' ==

			Sir Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1676-1745) was the first Prime Minister in England from 1721 to 1742.

			----
			=='''Childhood and early years''' ==

			Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole became the head of the family. He was educated at Eton and at King's, but his main interest were politics. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared an flamboyant taste and way of life.

			----

			=='''Political career''' ==

			His political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into the Whig society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince Georges's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, follwed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.

			The victory of the Tories in 1720 lead to a downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison or a short time. Walpoles position in the Whig's society got only stronger. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the oportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments like the redemption of debts and the consolidation of rates of interest. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend.

			Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later) from 1721 to 1742, which gave him control over Parliament. This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and was supported by the inabilty of [[George I]] and [[George II]]. His tenure was crucial.
			Walpole was driven by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any programme. He valued stabilty in politics. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals.

			He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain power since the outbreak o the war in 1739.

			== '''Literature''' ==
			Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam: Stuttgart 2007.

			Treasure, Geoffrey. Who's who in history. Volume IV: England 1714-1789. Basil Blackwell: Oxford 1969.

			http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635013/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford

Lady Bracknell: Created page with '{{working|Lady Bracknell}}'

2009-10-22T14:50:31Z

Created page with '{{working|Lady Bracknell}}'

New page

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:10, 18 April 2019
Line 2:		Line 2:

	== Childhood and early years ==		== Childhood and early years ==
	Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole inherited the family estate. He was educated at [[Eton]] and at King's College, Cambridge~~, but his main interest were politics~~. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.		Robert Walpole was born in North Norfolk as the the third son of nineteen children. His father was supporting the [[Whigs]] and sat in [[William III]]'s parliament. Due to the early death of his father and his older brothers, Robert Walpole inherited the family estate. He was educated at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge. In 1700 he married Catherine Shorter. Both shared a flamboyant taste and way of life.

	== Political career ==		== Political career ==
	~~His~~ political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into [[Whigs\|Whig]] society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince George's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.		Walpole's political career started in 1701, when he entered parliament. He soon became the leader of the Norfolk members. Through his brother-in-law and friend Lord Townshend, he came into [[Whigs\|Whig]] society. In 1705 he became a member of Prince George's naval council and the Secretary of War in 1708, followed by the position of the Treasurer of the Navy in 1710.

	The victory of the [[Tories]] in 1712 lead to the temporary downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison for a short time. Walpole's position in Whig ~~society~~ got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest~~. After Townshend's run of misfortunes, Walpole joined the opposition together with his friend~~.		The victory of the [[Tories]] in 1712 lead to the temporary downfall of Walpole. He was accused of corruption and therefore sent to prison for a short time. Walpole's position in Whig circles got only stronger and he profited from that after the end of the Tory government. He was announced first Paymaster in 1714 and First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer only one year later in 1715. This gave him the opportunity to expand his private fortune as he never made a distinction between private and public money. But Walpole's financial sense also lead to good developments such as the redemption of the national debt and the consolidation of rates of interest.

	Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. ~~And he~~ was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in ~~English~~ politics. ~~His tenure was crucial.~~ Walpole was ~~driven~~ by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any consistent political programme~~. He~~ valued stability ~~in politics~~. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as [[John Gay]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Jonathan Swift]]. But, more fair-minded writers such as [[Edmund Burke]] exonerated him.		Walpole was First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1721 to 1742. He was very apt at controlling the Members of Parliament. He is also said to be the first Prime Minister (the term 'Prime Minister' was asserted later). This office came into being due to the Crown's retreat from constitutional initiatives and the fact that both [[George I]] and [[George II]] were not overly interested in British politics.

			Walpole was movivated by the pursuit of power, he was not committed to any consistent political programme, but he valued stability. For this reason, he manipulated the patronage of the Crown, bribed, did jobbery and got rid of rivals. He was attacked for this by writers such as [[John Gay]], [[Alexander Pope]], [[Henry Fielding]] and [[Jonathan Swift]]. But, more fair-minded writers such as [[Edmund Burke]] exonerated him.

	He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain in power since the outbreak of the [[War of Jenkins' Ear\|war against Spain]] in 1739.		He fell from power in 1742 after a long struggle to remain in power since the outbreak of the [[War of Jenkins' Ear\|war against Spain]] in 1739.
Line 15:		Line 17:
	== Literature ==		== Literature ==
	* Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.		* Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.
	* Treasure, Geoffrey. ''Who's ~~who~~ in ~~history~~. Volume IV: England 1714-1789''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969.		* Treasure, Geoffrey. ''Who's Who in History. Volume IV: England 1714-1789''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1969.
	* http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635013/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford		* http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635013/Robert-Walpole-1st-Earl-of-Orford