John Fowles - Revision history

Pankratz at 13:23, 19 October 2016

2016-10-19T13:23:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:23, 19 October 2016
Line 4:		Line 4:
	== Life ==		== Life ==

	Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea~~, a suburb of London~~, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles~~, were from the middle class~~ (Aubrey 2).		Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents are Robert and Gladys Fowles (Aubrey 2).
	From 1939-1944 Fowles went to Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey 8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’s plan to stay with the Royal Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (Acheson 4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thorpe 8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.		From 1939 to 1944 Fowles went to Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey 8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Royal Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’s plan to stay with the Royal Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (Acheson 4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thorpe 8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.

	== Literary Works ==		== Literary Works ==

	Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years ~~in Oxford~~ (Acheson 6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles's stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (Stephenson 2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'' (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life ~~in Victorian England~~, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (Stephenson 2-3).		Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years (Acheson 6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles's stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (Stephenson 2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'' (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (Stephenson 2-3).

	Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowles’s work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (Acheson 6; Thorpe 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”

Pankratz at 13:17, 19 October 2016

2016-10-19T13:17:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:17, 19 October 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
	31 March 1926 – 5 November 2005. British author~~, known especially for his fictional writings~~.		31 March 1926 – 5 November 2005. British author.

Pankratz at 12:09, 13 June 2012

2012-06-13T12:09:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:09, 13 June 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~John Robert Fowles (~~31 March 1926 – 5 November 2005). British author, known especially for his fictional writings.		31 March 1926 – 5 November 2005. British author, known especially for his fictional writings.

Pankratz at 14:28, 3 May 2012

2012-05-03T14:28:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:28, 3 May 2012
Line 5:		Line 5:

	Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were from the middle class (Aubrey 2).		Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were from the middle class (Aubrey 2).
	From 1939-1944 Fowles went to Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey 8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on ~~Fowles’~~ plan to stay with the Royal Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (~~cmp.~~ Acheson 4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and ~~Universities~~ in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thorpe 8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.		From 1939-1944 Fowles went to Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey 8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’s plan to stay with the Royal Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (Acheson 4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thorpe 8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.

	== Literary Works ==		== Literary Works ==

	Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson 6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (~~see~~ Stephenson 2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'' (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (~~see~~ Stephenson 2-3).		Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson 6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles's stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (Stephenson 2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'' (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (Stephenson 2-3).
	Other prominent and reappearing themes in ~~Fowles’~~ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (~~see~~ Acheson 6; Thorpe 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”
			Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowles’s work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (Acheson 6; Thorpe 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”

SteffiR at 10:34, 3 May 2012

2012-05-03T10:34:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 3 May 2012
Line 12:		Line 12:
	Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowles’ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson 6; Thorpe 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”		Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowles’ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson 6; Thorpe 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”

	~~== Film Adaptions ==~~

	Fowels’ novels ''The Collector'', ''The Magus'' and ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'', as well as his short story “The Ebony Tower” have been adapted as films in the 1960’s and 1980’s (Acheson 93). [I thought it might be interesting for someone who may want to have a glance at his works this way, or compare the film versions with the books etc. But I can see your point and delete it, I don't insist on this information being included.]

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

SteffiR at 10:34, 3 May 2012

2012-05-03T10:34:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:34, 3 May 2012
Line 14:		Line 14:
	== Film Adaptions ==		== Film Adaptions ==

	Fowels’ novels ''The Collector'', ''The Magus'' and ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'', as well as his short story “The Ebony Tower” have been adapted as films in the 1960’s and 1980’s (Acheson 93). [~~so?~~]		Fowels’ novels ''The Collector'', ''The Magus'' and ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'', as well as his short story “The Ebony Tower” have been adapted as films in the 1960’s and 1980’s (Acheson 93). [I thought it might be interesting for someone who may want to have a glance at his works this way, or compare the film versions with the books etc. But I can see your point and delete it, I don't insist on this information being included.]

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

Pankratz at 11:44, 16 April 2012

2012-04-16T11:44:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:44, 16 April 2012
Line 5:		Line 5:

	Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were from the middle class (Aubrey 2).		Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were from the middle class (Aubrey 2).
	From 1939-1944 Fowles went to Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey 8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’ plan to stay with the Royal Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (cmp. Acheson 4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and Universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (~~Thrope~~ 8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.		From 1939-1944 Fowles went to Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey 8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’ plan to stay with the Royal Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (cmp. Acheson 4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and Universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thorpe 8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.

	== Literary Works ==		== Literary Works ==

	Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson 6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (see Stephenson 2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'' (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (see Stephenson 2-3).		Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson 6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (see Stephenson 2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'' (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (see Stephenson 2-3).
	Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowles’ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson 6; ~~Throne~~ 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”		Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowles’ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson 6; Thorpe 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”

	== Film Adaptions ==		== Film Adaptions ==
Line 24:		Line 24:
	Stephenson, William. ''John Fowles''. Tavistock: Northcote House, 2003.		Stephenson, William. ''John Fowles''. Tavistock: Northcote House, 2003.

	~~Thrope~~, Michael. ''John Fowles''. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.		Thorpe, Michael. ''John Fowles''. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.

Pankratz at 11:40, 16 April 2012

2012-04-16T11:40:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:40, 16 April 2012
Line 1:		Line 1:
	John Robert Fowles (31 March 1926 – 5 November 2005) ~~is a~~ British author, known especially for his fictional writings.		John Robert Fowles (31 March 1926 – 5 November 2005). British author, known especially for his fictional writings.


	== Life ==		== Life ==

	Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were ~~part of~~ the ~~English~~ middle-class (Aubrey~~, p.~~2).		Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were from the middle class (Aubrey 2).
	From 1939-1944 he went to ~~the~~ Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey~~, p.~~8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’ plan to stay with the Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (cmp. Acheson~~, p.~~4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and Universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thrope~~, p.~~8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.		From 1939-1944 Fowles went to Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey 8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’ plan to stay with the Royal Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (cmp. Acheson 4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and Universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thrope 8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.

	== Literary Works ==		== Literary Works ==

	Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson~~, p.~~6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (see Stephenson~~, p.~~2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (see Stephenson~~, p.~~2-3).		Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson 6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (see Stephenson 2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'' (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (see Stephenson 2-3).
	Other prominent and reappearing themes in ~~Fowels’~~ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson~~, p.~~6, Throne~~, p.~~10). Furthermore it is characteristic for ~~Fowels’s~~ stories to include autobiographical elements; so for example Aubrey (p.13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was The Magus, and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”		Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowles’ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson 6; Throne 10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowles’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so, for example, Aubrey (13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was ''The Magus'', and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”

	== Film Adaptions ==		== Film Adaptions ==

	Fowels’ novels The Collector, The Magus and The French Lieutenant’s Woman, as well as his short story “The Ebony Tower” have been adapted as films in the 1960’s and 1980’s (Acheson~~, p.~~93).		Fowels’ novels ''The Collector'', ''The Magus'' and ''The French Lieutenant’s Woman'', as well as his short story “The Ebony Tower” have been adapted as films in the 1960’s and 1980’s (Acheson 93). [so?]

	== Sources ==		== Sources ==

	Acheson, James. John Fowles. Basingstoke: ~~Macmillian~~, 1998.		Acheson, James. ''John Fowles''. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1998.

	Aubrey, James R. John Fowles: A Reference Companion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1991.		Aubrey, James R. ''John Fowles: A Reference Companion''. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1991.

	Stephenson, William. John Fowles. Tavistock: Northcote House, 2003.		Stephenson, William. ''John Fowles''. Tavistock: Northcote House, 2003.

	Thrope, Michael. John Fowles. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.		Thrope, Michael. ''John Fowles''. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.


	~~(Article reserved by S.R.)~~

SteffiR: /* Sources */

2012-04-12T13:43:10Z

Sources

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:43, 12 April 2012
Line 19:		Line 19:

	Acheson, James. John Fowles. Basingstoke: Macmillian, 1998.		Acheson, James. John Fowles. Basingstoke: Macmillian, 1998.

	Aubrey, James R. John Fowles: A Reference Companion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1991.		Aubrey, James R. John Fowles: A Reference Companion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1991.
	Stephenson, William. John Fowles. Tavistock, Northcote House, 2003.
			Stephenson, William. John Fowles. Tavistock: Northcote House, 2003.

	Thrope, Michael. John Fowles. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.		Thrope, Michael. John Fowles. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.


	(Article reserved by S.R.)		(Article reserved by S.R.)

SteffiR at 13:41, 12 April 2012

2012-04-12T13:41:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 12 April 2012
Line 2:		Line 2:


	== 1. Life ==		== Life ==

	Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were part of the English middle-class (Aubrey, p.2).		Born 1926 in Leigh-on-Sea, a suburb of London, John Fowles grew up as an only child, having only a 15-year younger sister. His parents, Robert and Gladys Fowles, were part of the English middle-class (Aubrey, p.2).
	From 1939-1944 he went to the Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey, p.8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’ plan to stay with the Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (cmp. Acheson, p.4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and Universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thrope, p.8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.		From 1939-1944 he went to the Bedford School, but had to take one semester off when he was 15 due to psychological problems (Aubrey, p.8). Afterwards he studied one year in Edinburgh, before he joined the Marines in 1945. After a visit from Isaac Foot, the Lord Mayor of Plymouth, who had commented on Fowles’ plan to stay with the Marines that it was preposterous that a man of intelligence should stay in the armed forces (cmp. Acheson, p.4-5), Fowles reorientated himself and enrolled at Oxford University to study French language and literature, graduating in 1950. For the next 14 years he taught at several schools and Universities in England and Greece, before his first huge success, the short story “The Collector” allowed him to work as a full-time writer (Thrope, p.8). He was married to Elizabeth Whitton and died in 2005 in Lyme Regis in Dorset, England.

	== 2. Literary Works ==		== Literary Works ==

	Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson, p.6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (see Stephenson, p.2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (see Stephenson, p.2-3).		Fowles began writing when he started his studies in Oxford. Especially his early works are deeply influenced by his interest in French existentialism, which he developed during his undergraduate years in Oxford (Acheson, p.6). Especially the existentialists’ approach on identity fascinated him. The vast majority of his characters develop in the course of Fowles stories, being forced to face different kinds of challenges and societal pressure (see Stephenson, p.2). An example is Sarah Woodruff, protagonist in the bestselling novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1969) that is set in Victorian England. She attempts to live an independent and sexually active life in Victorian England, not following the common gender norms for women of that time (see Stephenson, p.2-3).
	Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowels’ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson, p.6, Throne, p.10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowels’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so for example Aubrey (p.13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was The Magus, and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”		Other prominent and reappearing themes in Fowels’ work are sexuality, the relation between male and female in general, and the nature and possibility of personal freedom (see Acheson, p.6, Throne, p.10). Furthermore it is characteristic for Fowels’s stories to include autobiographical elements; so for example Aubrey (p.13) writes: “The first novel Fowles wrote was The Magus, and its first-person-narrator announces in the first paragraph, ‘I went to Oxford; and there I began to discover I was not the person I wanted to be.’”

	== 3. Film Adaptions ==		== Film Adaptions ==

	Fowels’ novels The Collector, The Magus and The French Lieutenant’s Woman, as well as his short story “The Ebony Tower” have been adapted as films in the 1960’s and 1980’s (Acheson, p.93).		Fowels’ novels The Collector, The Magus and The French Lieutenant’s Woman, as well as his short story “The Ebony Tower” have been adapted as films in the 1960’s and 1980’s (Acheson, p.93).

	== 4. Sources ==		== Sources ==

	Acheson, James. John Fowles. Basingstoke: Macmillian, 1998.		Acheson, James. John Fowles. Basingstoke: Macmillian, 1998.
	Aubrey, James R. John Fowles: A Reference Companion. Westport: Greenwood		Aubrey, James R. John Fowles: A Reference Companion. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1991.
	Press, 1991.
	Stephenson, William. John Fowles. Tavistock, Northcote House, 2003.		Stephenson, William. John Fowles. Tavistock, Northcote House, 2003.
	Thrope, Michael. John Fowles. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.		Thrope, Michael. John Fowles. Windsor: Profile Books, 1982.