Irish Tenant Right League - Revision history

Pankratz at 18:15, 27 October 2020

2020-10-27T18:15:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:15, 27 October 2020
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	== I. Structural changes in Irish agriculture after the Famine and its consequences ==		== Structural changes in Irish agriculture after the Famine and its consequences ==

	'''~~I.A.~~ Structural changes due to the Famine'''		'''Structural changes due to the Famine'''

	Famine and mass emigration lead to structural changes in Irish agriculture. In 1845 only 36 per cent of the farmed land was above 15 acres and 24 per cent was lower than 5 acres. In 1851 however the farmed land which was above 15 acres increased to 51 per cent and the farmed land which was below 5 acres decreased to 15 per cent (Maurer 228). The aim was to create sustainable farms yet this lead to problems for the small farmers.		Famine and mass emigration lead to structural changes in Irish agriculture. In 1845 only 36 per cent of the farmed land was above 15 acres and 24 per cent was lower than 5 acres. In 1851 however the farmed land which was above 15 acres increased to 51 per cent and the farmed land which was below 5 acres decreased to 15 per cent (Maurer 228). The aim was to create sustainable farms yet this lead to problems for the small farmers.

	'''~~I.B.~~ Mass evictions of Irish peasants'''		'''Mass evictions of Irish peasants'''

	The consequence of this aim was that landowners were less willing to give land to small tenants. Either the owners wanted to keep the prosperous pieces of land to themselves or they were not willing to pay the poor relief. This had to be paid for the small tenants in the event of a new famine. Consequently, small tenants were massively evicted: 6026 persons in 1846, 9657 in 1848, 16,686 in 1849 and 19,949 in 1850 (Maurer 229).		The consequence of this aim was that landowners were less willing to give land to small tenants. Either the owners wanted to keep the prosperous pieces of land to themselves or they were not willing to pay the poor relief. This had to be paid for the small tenants in the event of a new famine. Consequently, small tenants were massively evicted: 6026 persons in 1846, 9657 in 1848, 16,686 in 1849 and 19,949 in 1850 (Maurer 229).


	== ~~II.~~ Absenteeism and the Irish Tenant Right League ==		== Absenteeism and the Irish Tenant Right League ==

	'''~~II.A.~~ Absenteeism'''		'''Absenteeism'''

	These mass evictions proved problematic because the great landlords were not present in Ireland and dealt with their tenants through middlemen. This system had been around since the penal laws i.e. the 1680s but in the 1850s it lead to a new form of mass organization and the connection with Home Rule policy. Since in the eyes of Irish reformers the land question was not solvable in a Union or a Commonwealth, only self government could bring a solution.		These mass evictions proved problematic because the great landlords were not present in Ireland and dealt with their tenants through middlemen. This system had been around since the penal laws i.e. the 1680s but in the 1850s it lead to a new form of mass organization and the connection with Home Rule policy. Since in the eyes of Irish reformers the land question was not solvable in a Union or a Commonwealth, only self government could bring a solution.

	'''~~II.B.~~ The Irish Tenant Right League'''		'''The Irish Tenant Right League'''

	The first tenant league was founded in 1847 by James Finton Lalor. In 1850, around 20 tenant leagues existed and Charles Duffy founded the nationwide Irish Tenant Right League in order to introduce the Ulster customs to the entire Island of Ireland. The league demanded the ”Three F’s”: Fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale of land. The introduction of those reforms was only possible if they could gain influence on Irish MPs and to force them to form an Irish independent party.		The first tenant league was founded in 1847 by James Finton Lalor. In 1850, around 20 tenant leagues existed and Charles Duffy founded the nationwide Irish Tenant Right League in order to introduce the Ulster customs to the entire Island of Ireland. The league demanded the ”Three F’s”: Fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale of land. The introduction of those reforms was only possible if they could gain influence on Irish MPs and to force them to form an Irish independent party.


	== ~~III.~~ The Irish Tenant Right League as a parliamentary force ==		== The Irish Tenant Right League as a parliamentary force ==

	The Irish Tenant Right League was able to convince a large amount of Irish MPs to not support the British government if Westminster showed no concern for the Irish concerns. Due to this policy they were able to bring down the government of Lord Russel. In the upcoming election of 1852 some 50 members of the Tenant Right League were elected to Westminster. However, they were not able to pursue their influence any further because two MPs broke the pledge and supported the British government against Irish tenant interests. Due to this fact the movement fell apart and was unable to complete its success.		The Irish Tenant Right League was able to convince a large amount of Irish MPs to not support the British government if Westminster showed no concern for the Irish concerns. Due to this policy they were able to bring down the government of Lord Russel. In the upcoming election of 1852 some 50 members of the Tenant Right League were elected to Westminster. However, they were not able to pursue their influence any further because two MPs broke the pledge and supported the British government against Irish tenant interests. Due to this fact the movement fell apart and was unable to complete its success.

	== ~~IV.~~ Sources ==		== Sources ==

	Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Irlands'', Stuttgart: Reclam, 2009.		Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Irlands'', Stuttgart: Reclam, 2009.

	Bew, Paul. ''Ireland The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006'', Oxford: OUP, 2007.		Bew, Paul. ''Ireland The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006'', Oxford: OUP, 2007.

Pankratz at 09:55, 7 December 2010

2010-12-07T09:55:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 7 December 2010
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	'''I.A. Structural changes due to the Famine'''		'''I.A. Structural changes due to the Famine'''

	Famine and mass emigration lead to structural changes in Irish agriculture. In 1845 only 36 per cent of the farmed land was above 15 acres and 24 per cent was lower than 5 acres. In 1851 however the farmed land which was above 15 acres increased to 51 per cent and the farmed land which was below 5 acres decreased to 15 per cent. ( Maurer p.228)The aim was to create sustainable farms yet this lead to problems for the small farmers.		Famine and mass emigration lead to structural changes in Irish agriculture. In 1845 only 36 per cent of the farmed land was above 15 acres and 24 per cent was lower than 5 acres. In 1851 however the farmed land which was above 15 acres increased to 51 per cent and the farmed land which was below 5 acres decreased to 15 per cent (Maurer 228). The aim was to create sustainable farms yet this lead to problems for the small farmers.

	'''I.B. Mass evictions of Irish peasants'''		'''I.B. Mass evictions of Irish peasants'''

	The consequence of this aim was that landowners were less willing to give land to small tenants. Either the owners wanted to keep the prosperous pieces of land to themselves or they were not willing to pay the poor relief. This had to be paid for the small tenants in the event of a new famine. Consequently, small tenants were massively evicted: 6026 persons in 1846, 9657 in 1848, ~~16686~~ in 1849 and ~~19949~~ in 1850 (Maurer p.229).		The consequence of this aim was that landowners were less willing to give land to small tenants. Either the owners wanted to keep the prosperous pieces of land to themselves or they were not willing to pay the poor relief. This had to be paid for the small tenants in the event of a new famine. Consequently, small tenants were massively evicted: 6026 persons in 1846, 9657 in 1848, 16,686 in 1849 and 19,949 in 1850 (Maurer 229).


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	'''II.A. Absenteeism'''		'''II.A. Absenteeism'''

	These mass evictions proved problematic because the great landlords were not present in Ireland and dealt with their tenants through middlemen. This system had been around since the penal laws i.e. ~~1660but~~ in the 1850s it lead to a new form of mass organization and the connection with Home Rule policy. Since in the eyes of Irish reformers the land question was not solvable in a Union or a ~~commonwealth~~, only self government could bring a solution.		These mass evictions proved problematic because the great landlords were not present in Ireland and dealt with their tenants through middlemen. This system had been around since the penal laws i.e. the 1680s but in the 1850s it lead to a new form of mass organization and the connection with Home Rule policy. Since in the eyes of Irish reformers the land question was not solvable in a Union or a Commonwealth, only self government could bring a solution.
	~~'''~~
	~~II.B. The Irish Tenant Right League'''~~

	Tenant ~~leagues had been around since the~~ first ~~one~~ was founded in 1847 by James Finton Lalor. In 1850, around 20 tenant leagues existed ~~by then,~~ Charles Duffy founded the nationwide Irish Tenant Right League in order to introduce the Ulster customs to the entire Island of Ireland. The league demanded the ”Three F’s”: Fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale of land. The introduction of those reforms was only possible if they could gain influence on Irish ~~Mp’s~~ and to force them to form an Irish independent party.		'''II.B. The Irish Tenant Right League'''

			The first tenant league was founded in 1847 by James Finton Lalor. In 1850, around 20 tenant leagues existed and Charles Duffy founded the nationwide Irish Tenant Right League in order to introduce the Ulster customs to the entire Island of Ireland. The league demanded the ”Three F’s”: Fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale of land. The introduction of those reforms was only possible if they could gain influence on Irish MPs and to force them to form an Irish independent party.


	== III. The Irish Tenant Right League as a parliamentary force ==		== III. The Irish Tenant Right League as a parliamentary force ==

	The Irish Tenant Right League was able to convince a large amount of Irish ~~MP’s~~ to not support the British government if Westminster showed no concern for the Irish concerns. Due to this policy they were able to bring down the government of Lord Russel. In the upcoming election of 1852 some 50 members of the Tenant Right League were elected to Westminster. However, they were not able to pursue their influence any further because two ~~MP’s~~ broke the pledge and supported the British government against Irish tenant interests. Due to this fact the movement fell apart and was unable to complete its success.		The Irish Tenant Right League was able to convince a large amount of Irish MPs to not support the British government if Westminster showed no concern for the Irish concerns. Due to this policy they were able to bring down the government of Lord Russel. In the upcoming election of 1852 some 50 members of the Tenant Right League were elected to Westminster. However, they were not able to pursue their influence any further because two MPs broke the pledge and supported the British government against Irish tenant interests. Due to this fact the movement fell apart and was unable to complete its success.

	== IV. Sources ==		== IV. Sources ==

	Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Irlands ,Stuttgart:Reclam,2009.		Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Irlands'', Stuttgart: Reclam, 2009.

	Bew, Paul. Ireland The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006, Oxford: OUP 2007.		Bew, Paul. ''Ireland The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006'', Oxford: OUP, 2007.

Friday at 12:25, 4 December 2010

2010-12-04T12:25:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:25, 4 December 2010
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	Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Irlands ,Stuttgart:Reclam,2009.		Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Irlands ,Stuttgart:Reclam,2009.

	Bew, Paul. Ireland The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006, Oxford: OUP 2007.		Bew, Paul. Ireland The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006, Oxford: OUP 2007.

Friday at 12:24, 4 December 2010

2010-12-04T12:24:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:24, 4 December 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:

	== I. Structural changes in Irish agriculture after the Famine and its consequences ==		== I. Structural changes in Irish agriculture after the Famine and its consequences ==

	'''I.A. Structural changes due to the Famine'''		'''I.A. Structural changes due to the Famine'''

	Famine and mass emigration lead to structural changes in Irish agriculture. In 1845 only 36 per cent of the farmed land was above 15 acres and 24 per cent was lower than 5 acres. In 1851 however the farmed land which was above 15 acres increased to 51 per cent and the farmed land which was below 5 acres decreased to 15 per cent. ( Maurer p.228)The aim was to create sustainable farms yet this lead to problems for the small farmers.		Famine and mass emigration lead to structural changes in Irish agriculture. In 1845 only 36 per cent of the farmed land was above 15 acres and 24 per cent was lower than 5 acres. In 1851 however the farmed land which was above 15 acres increased to 51 per cent and the farmed land which was below 5 acres decreased to 15 per cent. ( Maurer p.228)The aim was to create sustainable farms yet this lead to problems for the small farmers.

	'''I.B. Mass evictions of Irish peasants'''		'''I.B. Mass evictions of Irish peasants'''

	The consequence of this aim was that landowners were less willing to give land to small tenants. Either the owners wanted to keep the prosperous pieces of land to themselves or they were not willing to pay the poor relief. This had to be paid for the small tenants in the event of a new famine. Consequently, small tenants were massively evicted: 6026 persons in 1846, 9657 in 1848, 16686 in 1849 and 19949 in 1850 (Maurer p.229).		The consequence of this aim was that landowners were less willing to give land to small tenants. Either the owners wanted to keep the prosperous pieces of land to themselves or they were not willing to pay the poor relief. This had to be paid for the small tenants in the event of a new famine. Consequently, small tenants were massively evicted: 6026 persons in 1846, 9657 in 1848, 16686 in 1849 and 19949 in 1850 (Maurer p.229).

Line 12:		Line 13:

	'''II.A. Absenteeism'''		'''II.A. Absenteeism'''

	These mass evictions proved problematic because the great landlords were not present in Ireland and dealt with their tenants through middlemen. This system had been around since the penal laws i.e. 1660but in the 1850s it lead to a new form of mass organization and the connection with Home Rule policy. Since in the eyes of Irish reformers the land question was not solvable in a Union or a commonwealth, only self government could bring a solution.		These mass evictions proved problematic because the great landlords were not present in Ireland and dealt with their tenants through middlemen. This system had been around since the penal laws i.e. 1660but in the 1850s it lead to a new form of mass organization and the connection with Home Rule policy. Since in the eyes of Irish reformers the land question was not solvable in a Union or a commonwealth, only self government could bring a solution.
	'''		'''
	II.B. The Irish Tenant Right League'''		II.B. The Irish Tenant Right League'''

	Tenant leagues had been around since the first one was founded in 1847 by James Finton Lalor. In 1850, around 20 tenant leagues existed by then, Charles Duffy founded the nationwide Irish Tenant Right League in order to introduce the Ulster customs to the entire Island of Ireland. The league demanded the ”Three F’s”: Fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale of land. The introduction of those reforms was only possible if they could gain influence on Irish Mp’s and to force them to form an Irish independent party.		Tenant leagues had been around since the first one was founded in 1847 by James Finton Lalor. In 1850, around 20 tenant leagues existed by then, Charles Duffy founded the nationwide Irish Tenant Right League in order to introduce the Ulster customs to the entire Island of Ireland. The league demanded the ”Three F’s”: Fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale of land. The introduction of those reforms was only possible if they could gain influence on Irish Mp’s and to force them to form an Irish independent party.

Friday: Created page with ' == I. Structural changes in Irish agriculture after the Famine and its consequences == '''I.A. Structural changes due to the Famine''' Famine and mass emigration lead to stru…'

2010-12-04T12:24:29Z

Created page with ' == I. Structural changes in Irish agriculture after the Famine and its consequences == '''I.A. Structural changes due to the Famine''' Famine and mass emigration lead to stru…'

New page

== I. Structural changes in Irish agriculture after the Famine and its consequences ==

'''I.A. Structural changes due to the Famine'''
Famine and mass emigration lead to structural changes in Irish agriculture. In 1845 only 36 per cent of the farmed land was above 15 acres and 24 per cent was lower than 5 acres. In 1851 however the farmed land which was above 15 acres increased to 51 per cent and the farmed land which was below 5 acres decreased to 15 per cent. ( Maurer p.228)The aim was to create sustainable farms yet this lead to problems for the small farmers.

'''I.B. Mass evictions of Irish peasants'''
The consequence of this aim was that landowners were less willing to give land to small tenants. Either the owners wanted to keep the prosperous pieces of land to themselves or they were not willing to pay the poor relief. This had to be paid for the small tenants in the event of a new famine. Consequently, small tenants were massively evicted: 6026 persons in 1846, 9657 in 1848, 16686 in 1849 and 19949 in 1850 (Maurer p.229).

== II. Absenteeism and the Irish Tenant Right League ==

'''II.A. Absenteeism'''
These mass evictions proved problematic because the great landlords were not present in Ireland and dealt with their tenants through middlemen. This system had been around since the penal laws i.e. 1660but in the 1850s it lead to a new form of mass organization and the connection with Home Rule policy. Since in the eyes of Irish reformers the land question was not solvable in a Union or a commonwealth, only self government could bring a solution.
'''
II.B. The Irish Tenant Right League'''
Tenant leagues had been around since the first one was founded in 1847 by James Finton Lalor. In 1850, around 20 tenant leagues existed by then, Charles Duffy founded the nationwide Irish Tenant Right League in order to introduce the Ulster customs to the entire Island of Ireland. The league demanded the ”Three F’s”: Fair rent, fixity of tenure and free sale of land. The introduction of those reforms was only possible if they could gain influence on Irish Mp’s and to force them to form an Irish independent party.

== III. The Irish Tenant Right League as a parliamentary force ==

The Irish Tenant Right League was able to convince a large amount of Irish MP’s to not support the British government if Westminster showed no concern for the Irish concerns. Due to this policy they were able to bring down the government of Lord Russel. In the upcoming election of 1852 some 50 members of the Tenant Right League were elected to Westminster. However, they were not able to pursue their influence any further because two MP’s broke the pledge and supported the British government against Irish tenant interests. Due to this fact the movement fell apart and was unable to complete its success.

== IV. Sources ==

Maurer, Michael. Kleine Geschichte Irlands ,Stuttgart:Reclam,2009.
Bew, Paul. Ireland The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006, Oxford: OUP 2007.