Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley - Revision history

David.Hesbacher: added: link to David Riccio/Rizzio Page

2022-07-10T20:23:47Z

added: link to David Riccio/Rizzio Page

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:23, 10 July 2022
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	In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, [[James I\|James]], who later would unite the English and Scottish thrones and herald the start of the Stuart reign in Britain (Maurer).		In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, [[James I\|James]], who later would unite the English and Scottish thrones and herald the start of the Stuart reign in Britain (Maurer).

	[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.]] The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at the Palace of [[Holyroodhouse]] where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.		[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.]] The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary [[David Riccio/Rizzio\|David Riccio]] and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at the Palace of [[Holyroodhouse]] where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.

	Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There, however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of 9 February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities in town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly, however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled (Weir).		Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There, however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of 9 February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities in town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly, however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled (Weir).

WikiSysop at 19:48, 4 January 2013

2013-01-04T19:48:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:48, 4 January 2013
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	1545-1567. Second husband of [[Mary Stuart\|Mary Queen of Scots]]. Henry Stuart was member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish and English crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for his role as husband and the circumstances of his death.		[[File:henrystuart.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|left\|A Portrait of Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley]] 1545-1567. Second husband of [[Mary Stuart\|Mary Queen of Scots]]. Henry Stuart was member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish and English crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for his role as husband and the circumstances of his death.

	He was born December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on 10 February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1		He was born December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on 10 February in 1567 in Edinburgh.

	[[~~File:henrystuart.jpg~~\|~~200px\|thumb\|left\|A Portrait~~ of ~~Henry~~ Stuart ~~- Lord Darnley]]~~		In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, [[James I\|James]], who later would unite the English and Scottish thrones and herald the start of the Stuart reign in Britain (Maurer).

	~~In 1565 he married~~ Mary Stuart~~, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who~~ had ~~either fallen in love~~ with him ~~or married for political reasons~~, ~~depending on~~ the ~~source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566,~~ [[~~James I\|James~~]], ~~who later would unite the English~~ and ~~Scottish thrones and herald~~ the ~~start~~ of ~~the Stuart reign in Britain~~.2		[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.]] The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at the Palace of [[Holyroodhouse]] where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.

	~~The couple separated not long after their marriage~~, when ~~Henry believed that~~ Mary ~~Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by~~ him~~. Driven by envy~~, ~~Henry Stuart~~ and ~~some accomplices violently entered~~ a ~~banquet~~ at the ~~Palace~~ of ~~[[Holyroodhouse]] where Riccio~~ and ~~Mary were present~~, and ~~Riccio~~ was ~~stabbed~~ to ~~death under~~ the ~~eyes~~ of ~~Mary~~.		Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There, however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of 9 February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities in town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly, however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled (Weir).

	~~Only a year later~~, ~~Darnley got word~~ of ~~an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow~~. ~~There, however, he fell seriously ill~~ and ~~when Mary came to visit~~ him, ~~husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying~~ at ~~Kirk o’Field~~, ~~just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On~~ the ~~evening~~ of ~~9 February 1567, Mary said goodbye to~~ her husband ~~and left him for some festivities in town~~. On the ~~next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly, however, his body was located at a distance~~ to ~~the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled~~.1		A group of Scottish conspirators led by [[James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell]] where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell and later married him, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married supports this assumption (Maurer).


	~~[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]~~

	A group of Scottish conspirators led by [[James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell]] where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell and later married him, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married supports this assumption.2

	~~References:~~

	1. Alison ~~Weir:~~ ''Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley''. New York: Random House, 2004.		== Sources ==
			* Maurer, Michael. ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.
	~~2. Maurer, Michael: ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.~~		* Weir, Alison. ''Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley''. New York: Random House, 2004.
			* http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot02/kirk-o-field-popup1.htm [accessed on 31/05/2010]
	3. http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot02/kirk-o-field-popup1.htm [as accessed on 31/05/2010]

Pankratz at 08:51, 30 October 2012

2012-10-30T08:51:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:51, 30 October 2012
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	Henry Stuart was member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish and English crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for ~~the prominence of~~ his ~~wife [[Mary Stuart]]~~ and the circumstances of his death.		1545-1567. Second husband of [[Mary Stuart\|Mary Queen of Scots]]. Henry Stuart was member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish and English crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for his role as husband and the circumstances of his death.

	He was born on December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on ~~the 10th of~~ February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1		He was born December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on 10 February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1

	[[File:henrystuart.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|left\|A Portrait of Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley]]		[[File:henrystuart.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|left\|A Portrait of Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley]]

	In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, [[James I\|James]], who later would unite the English and Scottish ~~throne~~ and herald the start of the Stuart reign in Britain.2		In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, [[James I\|James]], who later would unite the English and Scottish thrones and herald the start of the Stuart reign in Britain.2

	The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at the Palace of Holyroodhouse where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.		The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at the Palace of [[Holyroodhouse]] where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.

	Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of ~~the 9th of~~ February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities ~~inside~~ town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled.1		Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There, however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of 9 February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities in town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly, however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled.1


	[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]		[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]

	A group of Scottish conspirators led by James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married supports this assumption.2		A group of Scottish conspirators led by [[James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell]] where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell and later married him, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married supports this assumption.2

	References:		References:

Pankratz at 10:16, 1 June 2010

2010-06-01T10:16:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:16, 1 June 2010
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	Henry Stuart was member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish and English crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.		Henry Stuart was member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish and English crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife [[Mary Stuart]] and the circumstances of his death.

	He was born on December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on the 10th of February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1		He was born on December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on the 10th of February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1

Pankratz at 10:15, 1 June 2010

2010-06-01T10:15:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:15, 1 June 2010
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	Henry Stuart was~~, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims,~~ member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.		Henry Stuart was member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish and English crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.

	He was born on December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on the 10th of February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1		He was born on December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on the 10th of February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1
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	[[File:henrystuart.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|left\|A Portrait of Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley]]		[[File:henrystuart.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|left\|A Portrait of Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley]]

	In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, James I, who later would unite the English and Scottish throne ~~under his crown~~ and herald the start of the Stuart ~~regency~~ in Britain.2		In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, [[James I\|James]], who later would unite the English and Scottish throne and herald the start of the Stuart reign in Britain.2

	The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at ~~The~~ Palace of Holyroodhouse where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.		The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at the Palace of Holyroodhouse where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.

	Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of the 9th of February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities inside town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled.1		Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of the 9th of February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities inside town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled.1
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	[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]		[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]

	A group of Scottish conspirators ~~under the lead~~ of ~~James~~ Bothwell where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married ~~for a wonder~~ supports this assumption.2		A group of Scottish conspirators led by James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married supports this assumption.2

	References:		References:

	1. Alison Weir: Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley. Random House, ~~New York~~ 2004.		1. Alison Weir: ''Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley''. New York: Random House, 2004.

	2. Maurer, Michael: Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam~~: Stuttgart~~ 2007.		2. Maurer, Michael: ''Kleine Geschichte Englands''. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2007.

	3. http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot02/kirk-o-field-popup1.htm [as accessed on 31/05/2010]		3. http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot02/kirk-o-field-popup1.htm [as accessed on 31/05/2010]

WikiSysop at 21:54, 31 May 2010

2010-05-31T21:54:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:54, 31 May 2010
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	~~* I don't know how to change the title to 'Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley'. If anyone knows how...*~~

	Henry Stuart was, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims, member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.		Henry Stuart was, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims, member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.

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	[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb~~\|left~~\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]		[[File:kirkofield.jpg\|200px\|thumb\|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]

	A group of Scottish conspirators under the lead of James Bothwell where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married for a wonder supports this assumption.2		A group of Scottish conspirators under the lead of James Bothwell where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married for a wonder supports this assumption.2

WikiSysop: moved Lord darnley to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley

2010-05-31T21:52:11Z

moved Lord darnley to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:52, 31 May 2010
(No difference)

Stallkbs at 20:20, 31 May 2010

2010-05-31T20:20:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:20, 31 May 2010
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			* I don't know how to change the title to 'Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley'. If anyone knows how...*

	Henry Stuart was, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims, member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.		Henry Stuart was, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims, member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.

Stallkbs: Created page with 'Henry Stuart was, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims, member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family…'

2010-05-31T20:19:28Z

Created page with 'Henry Stuart was, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims, member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family…'

New page

Henry Stuart was, as his title ‘Lord Darnley’ proclaims, member of the Scottish Parliament as the 1st Duke of Albany and even in line for the Scottish crown due to his family relations. However he is more famous for the prominence of his wife Mary Stuart and the circumstances of his death.

He was born on December 1545 in Yorkshire and was killed only at age 21 on the 10th of February in 1567 in Edinburgh.1

[[File:henrystuart.jpg|200px|thumb|left|A Portrait of Henry Stuart - Lord Darnley]]

In 1565 he married Mary Stuart, his cousin (among other intricate family connections), who had either fallen in love with him or married for political reasons, depending on the source.1 The marriage soon bore their only child in 1566, James I, who later would unite the English and Scottish throne under his crown and herald the start of the Stuart regency in Britain.2

The couple separated not long after their marriage, when Henry believed that Mary Stuart had a relationship with her Italian private secretary David Riccio and that she even was pregnant by him. Driven by envy, Henry Stuart and some accomplices violently entered a banquet at The Palace of Holyroodhouse where Riccio and Mary were present, and Riccio was stabbed to death under the eyes of Mary.

Only a year later, Darnley got word of an imminent conspiracy against him and fled to safety in Glasgow. There however, he fell seriously ill and when Mary came to visit him, husband and wife became reconciled. After a mutual trip to Edinburgh, Darnley was staying at Kirk o’Field, just inside the city walls of Edinburgh. On the evening of the 9th of February 1567, Mary said goodbye to her husband and left him for some festivities inside town. On the next morning, the apartment building blew up by a gunpowder explosion in its basement and Henry Stuart was found dead. Surprisingly however, his body was located at a distance to the destroyed building and showed signs of strangulation. It is speculated that he tried to flee from his murderers but was caught and strangled.1

[[File:kirkofield.jpg|200px|thumb|left|This painting shows the scene of Kirk o'Field after the explosion.3]]

A group of Scottish conspirators under the lead of James Bothwell where held responsible. Since Mary was well acquainted with Bothwell, it is believed that she at least knew, if not ordered the murder of her husband. The fact that the murderer subsequently kidnapped her to Dunbar where they got married for a wonder supports this assumption.2

References:

1. Alison Weir: Mary, Queen of Scots and the Murder of Lord Darnley. Random House, New York 2004.

2. Maurer, Michael: Kleine Geschichte Englands. Reclam: Stuttgart 2007.

3. http://www.learningcurve.gov.uk/snapshots/snapshot02/kirk-o-field-popup1.htm [as accessed on 31/05/2010]