Commonwealth of England - Revision history

Daniel: moved Commonwealth to Commonwealth of England: correct name

2009-07-17T16:53:01Z

moved Commonwealth to Commonwealth of England: correct name

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:53, 17 July 2009
(No difference)

WikiSysop at 15:28, 10 July 2009

2009-07-10T15:28:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 10 July 2009
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	~~<p>~~ The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). The Commonwealth was no longer ruled by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the sole Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. ~~<br>~~ The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). ~~<br>~~ In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army ~~and~~ it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). ~~<br>~~ [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[~~General~~ George ~~Monck~~]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). ~~<br>~~ “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. ~~<p>~~		The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). The Commonwealth was no longer ruled by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the sole Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well.

			The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9).

			In 1653 the Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army; it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45).

			[[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658, but the fate of the nation would be determined by General [[George Monk]], who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165).

			“In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England.

	== Sources and further reading ==		== Sources and further reading ==
	''The Oxford Dictionary of British History''. Oxford: OUP, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. ''The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton.'' London: Routledge, 2001.		''The Oxford Dictionary of British History''. Oxford: OUP, 2001. <br />
			Bradford, Richard. ''The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton.'' London: Routledge, 2001.

Pankratz at 17:09, 9 July 2009

2009-07-09T17:09:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 9 July 2009
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	<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer ~~reigned~~ by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>		<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). The Commonwealth was no longer ruled by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the sole Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (''Oxford Dictionary'' 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>

	== Sources and further reading ==		== Sources and further reading ==
	The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.		''The Oxford Dictionary of British History''. Oxford: OUP, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. ''The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton.'' London: Routledge, 2001.

LEA at 12:55, 8 July 2009

2009-07-08T12:55:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 8 July 2009
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	<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>		<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>

	== ~~'''~~Sources and further reading~~'''~~ ==		== Sources and further reading ==
	The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.		The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.

LEA at 12:55, 8 July 2009

2009-07-08T12:55:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 8 July 2009
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			<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>


	<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>

	== '''Sources and further reading''' ==		== '''Sources and further reading''' ==
	The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.		The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.

LEA: /* Commonwealth */

2009-07-08T12:55:12Z

Commonwealth

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:55, 8 July 2009
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	~~== '''Commonwealth''' ==~~

	<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>		<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>

LEA at 12:54, 8 July 2009

2009-07-08T12:54:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:54, 8 July 2009
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	'''== Commonwealth =='''
			== '''Commonwealth''' ==

	<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>		<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>

	== '''Sources and further reading''' ==		== '''Sources and further reading''' ==
	The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.		The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.

LEA: /* Commonwealth */

2009-07-08T12:53:59Z

Commonwealth

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	== Commonwealth ==		'''== Commonwealth =='''
	<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>		<p> The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. <br> The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). <br> In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). <br> [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). <br> “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. <p>

	== '''Sources and further reading''' ==		== '''Sources and further reading''' ==
	The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.		The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. <br> Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.

LEA: Created page with '== Commonwealth ==
The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the origi…'

2009-07-08T12:53:16Z

Created page with '== Commonwealth == The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the origi…'

New page

== Commonwealth ==
 The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the original of all just power’” (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Commonwealth was no longer reigned by a king since monarchy was abolished by the High Court of Justice and the [[House of Commons]] became the Parliament of England, since the [[House of Lords]] was abolished as well. The Commonwealth was not only concerned with political issues but did also follow a certain religious belief. At that time “Roman [[Catholicism]] was an element of the feudal, hierarchical systems of medieval Europe and, particularly in England, a new class was emerging, managed by enterprise and endeavour, rather than birthright” (Bradford 9). In 1653 Rump Parliament was expelled by [[Oliver Cromwell]], since its bills did not satisfy the army and it “gave way to the Cromwellian Protectorate” on 16 December of the same year (Oxford Dictionary 165). The Cromwellian republic was founded on the belief that the nation would organise itself not depending on a king but on its own conceptions of God’s will (Bradford 45). The ideal idea was to focus on the individuals of the country and to abandon [[absolutism]]. Unfortunately, “Cromwell himself, who had begun his political and military career as the representative of a collective endeavour, was becoming a dictator” (Bradford 45). [[Richard Cromwell]] replaced his father after his death in 1658 but the nation would be determined by [[General George Monck]] who commanded the army at that time. In 1659 the Rump Parliament tried to gain power again but new quarrels between the officers of the army and the Rump “soon exposed the political bankruptcy of both” (Oxford Dictionary 165). “In 1660 [[Charles II]], after twelve years of exile, rode into London as the new King” (Bradford 46). This event is the end of the Commonwealth and known as the [[Restoration]] of England. 
== '''Sources and further reading''' ==
The Oxford Dictionary of British History. Oxford, 2001. Bradford, Richard. The Complete Critical Guide to John Milton. Routledge, 2001.

Commonwealth of England - Revision history

Daniel: moved Commonwealth to Commonwealth of England: correct name

WikiSysop at 15:28, 10 July 2009

Pankratz at 17:09, 9 July 2009

LEA at 12:55, 8 July 2009

LEA at 12:55, 8 July 2009

LEA: /* Commonwealth */

LEA at 12:54, 8 July 2009

LEA: /* Commonwealth */

LEA: Created page with '== Commonwealth == The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the origi…'

LEA: Created page with '== Commonwealth ==
The ‘Commonwealth of England’ “[t]ook its origins from a vote by the Rump Parliament on 4 January 1649, ‘That the people are, under God, the origi…'