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	<id>https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Coffee_House</id>
	<title>Coffee House - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Coffee_House"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-11T21:24:41Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.43.0</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=8515&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pankratz at 10:59, 25 October 2012</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=8515&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2012-10-25T10:59:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 10:59, 25 October 2012&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l11&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 11:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/del&gt;Coffee Politicians does Create&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/del&gt;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&lt;/del&gt;, &#039;&#039;Journal of Modern History&#039;&#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/ins&gt;&#039;Coffee Politicians does Create&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&#039;&lt;/ins&gt;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/ins&gt;, &#039;&#039;Journal of Modern History&#039;&#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Pankratz</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1986&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pankratz at 11:41, 28 May 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1986&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-05-28T11:41:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:41, 28 May 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Next to the laws of gravity, the best thing to come out of the 17th century.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Next to the laws of gravity, the best thing to come out of the 17th century.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The first coffee houses came into being in the 1650s. Before, people frequented taverns and ale-houses. Coffee houses had many advantages: Coffee was cheaper than beer. For a penny you got coffee (often as what is today known &quot;bottomless cup&quot;, i.e. with unlimited refills) and you had access to pamphlets and newspapers. Moreover, people staid sober. After a visit to the coffee house you could still go to the office and do efficient work. Therefore, they were popular even with people who normally did not like taverns and ale houses (cf. Pincus 817).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The first coffee houses &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;in England &lt;/ins&gt;came into being in the 1650s. Before, people frequented taverns and ale-houses. Coffee houses had many advantages: Coffee was cheaper than beer. For a penny you got coffee (often as what is today known &quot;bottomless cup&quot;, i.e. with unlimited refills) and you had access to pamphlets and newspapers. Moreover, people staid sober. After a visit to the coffee house you could still go to the office and do efficient work. Therefore, they were popular even with people who normally did not like taverns and ale houses (cf. Pincus 817).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In coffee-houses everyone did meet: high and low, old and young. An anonymous writer describes it as a kind of Paradise: “A coffee house is free to all comers, so they have human shape, boldly therefore let any person who comes to drink coffee set down in the very chair […]. The great privilege of equality is only peculiar to the Golden Age, and to a coffee house” (quoted in Pincus 814-815). Another writer praised it as a great university: “So great an university,/ I think there ne’er was any/ In which you may a scholar be,/ For spending of a penny” (quoted in Pincus 833).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In coffee-houses everyone did meet: high and low, old and young. An anonymous writer describes it as a kind of Paradise: “A coffee house is free to all comers, so they have human shape, boldly therefore let any person who comes to drink coffee set down in the very chair […]. The great privilege of equality is only peculiar to the Golden Age, and to a coffee house” (quoted in Pincus 814-815). Another writer praised it as a great university: “So great an university,/ I think there ne’er was any/ In which you may a scholar be,/ For spending of a penny” (quoted in Pincus 833).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Pankratz</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1985&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pankratz at 11:41, 28 May 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1985&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-05-28T11:41:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:41, 28 May 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soberly, people informed themselves about politics and discussed politics. You did not even have to be able to read, as people would often read from newspapers and journals aloud (so-called bridging). Scholars like Jürgen Habermas thus associate coffee houses with the critical spirit of the emergent public sphere. And they also point towards the functional differentiation of society and the myth of the open elite: “there’s nothing done in all the world,/ From monarch to the mouse; / But every day or night ‘tis hurl’d / Into the coffee-house” (quoted in Pincus 820). And Thomas Shadwell wrote: “Each coffee-house is fill’d with subtle folk who wisely talk and politickly smoke” (quoted in Pincus 820).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soberly, people informed themselves about politics and discussed politics. You did not even have to be able to read, as people would often read from newspapers and journals aloud (so-called bridging). Scholars like Jürgen Habermas thus associate coffee houses with the critical spirit of the emergent public sphere. And they also point towards the functional differentiation of society and the myth of the open elite: “there’s nothing done in all the world,/ From monarch to the mouse; / But every day or night ‘tis hurl’d / Into the coffee-house” (quoted in Pincus 820). And Thomas Shadwell wrote: “Each coffee-house is fill’d with subtle folk who wisely talk and politickly smoke” (quoted in Pincus 820).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the [[Exclusion &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Crisis&lt;/del&gt;|Exclusion &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;crisis&lt;/del&gt;]], coffee houses and taverns started having their clubs, that is: meeting places where the members paid a certain amount of money (“clubbing together”) and then they got dinner. These clubs met regularly in special rooms; apart from having dinner together, people discussed politics and literature. Some clubs were especially connected to political parties: the [[Whigs]], for example, had the “Green Ribbon Club” (guess what its members wore on their hats?)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the [[Exclusion &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;crisis&lt;/ins&gt;|Exclusion &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Crisis&lt;/ins&gt;]], coffee houses and taverns started having their clubs, that is: meeting places where the members paid a certain amount of money (“clubbing together”) and then they got dinner. These clubs met regularly in special rooms; apart from having dinner together, people discussed politics and literature. Some clubs were especially connected to political parties: the [[Whigs]], for example, had the “Green Ribbon Club” (guess what its members wore on their hats?)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &amp;#039;&amp;quot;Coffee Politicians does Create&amp;quot;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Modern History&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &amp;#039;&amp;quot;Coffee Politicians does Create&amp;quot;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Modern History&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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		<author><name>Pankratz</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1984&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pankratz at 11:40, 28 May 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1984&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-05-28T11:40:40Z</updated>

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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:40, 28 May 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l7&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 7:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soberly, people informed themselves about politics and discussed politics. You did not even have to be able to read, as people would often read from newspapers and journals aloud (so-called bridging). Scholars like Jürgen Habermas thus associate coffee houses with the critical spirit of the emergent public sphere. And they also point towards the functional differentiation of society and the myth of the open elite: “there’s nothing done in all the world,/ From monarch to the mouse; / But every day or night ‘tis hurl’d / Into the coffee-house” (quoted in Pincus 820). And Thomas Shadwell wrote: “Each coffee-house is fill’d with subtle folk who wisely talk and politickly smoke” (quoted in Pincus 820).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soberly, people informed themselves about politics and discussed politics. You did not even have to be able to read, as people would often read from newspapers and journals aloud (so-called bridging). Scholars like Jürgen Habermas thus associate coffee houses with the critical spirit of the emergent public sphere. And they also point towards the functional differentiation of society and the myth of the open elite: “there’s nothing done in all the world,/ From monarch to the mouse; / But every day or night ‘tis hurl’d / Into the coffee-house” (quoted in Pincus 820). And Thomas Shadwell wrote: “Each coffee-house is fill’d with subtle folk who wisely talk and politickly smoke” (quoted in Pincus 820).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the [[Exclusion Crisis]], coffee houses and taverns started having their clubs, that is: meeting places where the members paid a certain amount of money (“clubbing together”) and then they got dinner. These clubs met regularly in special rooms; apart from having dinner together, people discussed politics and literature. Some clubs were especially connected to political parties: the [[Whigs]], for example, had the “Green Ribbon Club” (guess what its members wore on their hats?)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the [[Exclusion Crisis&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;|Exclusion crisis&lt;/ins&gt;]], coffee houses and taverns started having their clubs, that is: meeting places where the members paid a certain amount of money (“clubbing together”) and then they got dinner. These clubs met regularly in special rooms; apart from having dinner together, people discussed politics and literature. Some clubs were especially connected to political parties: the [[Whigs]], for example, had the “Green Ribbon Club” (guess what its members wore on their hats?)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &amp;#039;&amp;quot;Coffee Politicians does Create&amp;quot;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Modern History&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &amp;#039;&amp;quot;Coffee Politicians does Create&amp;quot;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Modern History&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

&lt;!-- diff cache key wikidb_bild-rsc:diff:1.41:old-1982:rev-1984:php=table --&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pankratz</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1982&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pankratz at 11:33, 28 May 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1982&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-05-28T11:33:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:33, 28 May 2009&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Next to the laws of gravity, the best thing to come out of the 17th century.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Next to the laws of gravity, the best thing to come out of the 17th century.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The first coffee houses came into being in the 1650s. &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Where did &lt;/del&gt;people &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;go before? you might ask. Answer: &lt;/del&gt;taverns and ale-houses&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;)&lt;/del&gt;. Coffee houses had many advantages: Coffee was cheaper than beer. For a penny you got coffee (often as what is today known &quot;bottomless cup&quot;, i.e. with unlimited refills) and you had access to pamphlets and newspapers. Moreover, people staid sober. After a visit to the coffee house you could still go to the office and do efficient work. Therefore, they were popular even with people who normally did not like taverns and ale houses (cf. Pincus &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1995: &lt;/del&gt;817).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The first coffee houses came into being in the 1650s. &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Before, &lt;/ins&gt;people &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;frequented &lt;/ins&gt;taverns and ale-houses. Coffee houses had many advantages: Coffee was cheaper than beer. For a penny you got coffee (often as what is today known &quot;bottomless cup&quot;, i.e. with unlimited refills) and you had access to pamphlets and newspapers. Moreover, people staid sober. After a visit to the coffee house you could still go to the office and do efficient work. Therefore, they were popular even with people who normally did not like taverns and ale houses (cf. Pincus 817).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In coffee-houses everyone did meet: high and low, old and young. An anonymous writer describes it as a kind of Paradise: “A coffee house is free to all comers, so they have human shape, boldly therefore let any person who comes to drink coffee set down in the very chair […]. The great privilege of equality is only peculiar to the Golden Age, and to a coffee house” (quoted in Pincus &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1995: &lt;/del&gt;814-815). Another writer praised it as a great university: “So great an university,/ I think there ne’er was any/ In which you may a scholar be,/ For spending of a penny” (quoted in Pincus &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1995: &lt;/del&gt;833).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;In coffee-houses everyone did meet: high and low, old and young. An anonymous writer describes it as a kind of Paradise: “A coffee house is free to all comers, so they have human shape, boldly therefore let any person who comes to drink coffee set down in the very chair […]. The great privilege of equality is only peculiar to the Golden Age, and to a coffee house” (quoted in Pincus 814-815). Another writer praised it as a great university: “So great an university,/ I think there ne’er was any/ In which you may a scholar be,/ For spending of a penny” (quoted in Pincus 833).  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soberly, people informed themselves about politics and discussed politics. You did not even have to be able to read, as people would often read from newspapers and journals aloud (so-called bridging). Scholars like Jürgen Habermas thus associate coffee houses with the critical spirit of the emergent public sphere. And they also point towards the functional differentiation of society and the myth of the open elite: “there’s nothing done in all the world,/ From monarch to the mouse; / But every day or night ‘tis hurl’d / Into the coffee-house” (quoted in Pincus &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1995: &lt;/del&gt;820). And Thomas Shadwell wrote: “Each coffee-house is fill’d with subtle folk who wisely talk and politickly smoke” (quoted in Pincus &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;1995: &lt;/del&gt;820).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Soberly, people informed themselves about politics and discussed politics. You did not even have to be able to read, as people would often read from newspapers and journals aloud (so-called bridging). Scholars like Jürgen Habermas thus associate coffee houses with the critical spirit of the emergent public sphere. And they also point towards the functional differentiation of society and the myth of the open elite: “there’s nothing done in all the world,/ From monarch to the mouse; / But every day or night ‘tis hurl’d / Into the coffee-house” (quoted in Pincus 820). And Thomas Shadwell wrote: “Each coffee-house is fill’d with subtle folk who wisely talk and politickly smoke” (quoted in Pincus 820).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the [[Exclusion Crisis]], coffee houses and taverns started having their clubs&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;; &lt;/del&gt;that is: meeting places where the members paid a certain amount of money (“clubbing together”) and then they got dinner&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;; these &lt;/del&gt;clubs met regularly in special rooms; apart from having dinner together, people discussed politics and literature. Some clubs were especially connected to political parties: the Whigs, for example, had the &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;“green ribbon club” &lt;/del&gt;(guess what its members wore on their hats?)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;During the [[Exclusion Crisis]], coffee houses and taverns started having their clubs&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/ins&gt;that is: meeting places where the members paid a certain amount of money (“clubbing together”) and then they got dinner&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;. These &lt;/ins&gt;clubs met regularly in special rooms; apart from having dinner together, people discussed politics and literature. Some clubs were especially connected to political parties: the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Whigs&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]]&lt;/ins&gt;, for example, had the &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;“Green Ribbon Club” &lt;/ins&gt;(guess what its members wore on their hats?)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Source:  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &amp;#039;&amp;quot;Coffee Politicians does Create&amp;quot;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Modern History&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Steve Pincus, &amp;#039;&amp;quot;Coffee Politicians does Create&amp;quot;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Modern History&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;

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&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pankratz</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1981&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Pankratz at 11:30, 28 May 2009</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Coffee_House&amp;diff=1981&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2009-05-28T11:30:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Next to the laws of gravity, the best thing to come out of the 17th century. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first coffee houses came into being in the 1650s. Where did people go before? you might ask. Answer: taverns and ale-houses). Coffee houses had many advantages: Coffee was cheaper than beer. For a penny you got coffee (often as what is today known &amp;quot;bottomless cup&amp;quot;, i.e. with unlimited refills) and you had access to pamphlets and newspapers. Moreover, people staid sober. After a visit to the coffee house you could still go to the office and do efficient work. Therefore, they were popular even with people who normally did not like taverns and ale houses (cf. Pincus 1995: 817). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In coffee-houses everyone did meet: high and low, old and young. An anonymous writer describes it as a kind of Paradise: “A coffee house is free to all comers, so they have human shape, boldly therefore let any person who comes to drink coffee set down in the very chair […]. The great privilege of equality is only peculiar to the Golden Age, and to a coffee house” (quoted in Pincus 1995: 814-815). Another writer praised it as a great university: “So great an university,/ I think there ne’er was any/ In which you may a scholar be,/ For spending of a penny” (quoted in Pincus 1995: 833). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soberly, people informed themselves about politics and discussed politics. You did not even have to be able to read, as people would often read from newspapers and journals aloud (so-called bridging). Scholars like Jürgen Habermas thus associate coffee houses with the critical spirit of the emergent public sphere. And they also point towards the functional differentiation of society and the myth of the open elite: “there’s nothing done in all the world,/ From monarch to the mouse; / But every day or night ‘tis hurl’d / Into the coffee-house” (quoted in Pincus 1995: 820). And Thomas Shadwell wrote: “Each coffee-house is fill’d with subtle folk who wisely talk and politickly smoke” (quoted in Pincus 1995: 820).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the [[Exclusion Crisis]], coffee houses and taverns started having their clubs; that is: meeting places where the members paid a certain amount of money (“clubbing together”) and then they got dinner; these clubs met regularly in special rooms; apart from having dinner together, people discussed politics and literature. Some clubs were especially connected to political parties: the Whigs, for example, had the “green ribbon club” (guess what its members wore on their hats?)&lt;br /&gt;
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Source: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Steve Pincus, &amp;#039;&amp;quot;Coffee Politicians does Create&amp;quot;: Coffeehouses and Restoration Political Culture&amp;#039;, &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journal of Modern History&amp;#039;&amp;#039; 67 (1995), 807-834.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Pankratz</name></author>
	</entry>
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