British Culture - User contributions [en]

Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy

2009-07-13T20:15:46Z

Sascha Brandt: /* Text of the Oath of Allegiance. */

Going back to the Act of Supremacy 1559, people in public or church office had to swear allegiance to the monarch, accepting him as Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Breaking these oaths was seen as treason.

== Text of the Oath of Supremacy ==

I A. B. do utterly testifie and declare in my Conscience, that the Kings Highnesse is the onely Supreame Governour of this Realme, and all other his Highnesse Dominions and Countries, as well in all Spirituall or Ecclesiasticall things or causes, as Temporall: And that no forraine Prince, Person, Prelate, State or Potentate, hath or ought to have any Jurisdiction, Power, Superiorities, Preeminence or Authority Ecclesiasticall or Spirituall within this Realme. And therefore, I do utterly renounce and forsake all Jurisdictions, Powers, Superiorities, or Authorities; and do promise that from henchforth I shall beare faith and true Allegiance to the Kings Highnesse, his Heires and lawfull Successors: and to my power shall assist and defend all Jurisdictions, Priviledges, Preheminences and Authorities granted or belonging to the Kings Highnesse, his Heires and Successors or united and annexed to the Imperial Crowne of the Realme: so helpe me God: and by the Contents of this Booke. [http://www.lukehistory.com/resources/oaths.html]

== Text of the Oath of Allegiance ==

I A. B. doe truely and sincercly acknowledge, professe, testifie and declare in my conscience before God and the world, That our Soveraigne Lord King CHARLES, is lawfull King of this Realme, and of all other His Majesties Dominions and Countreyes: And that the Pope neither of himselfe, nor by any Authority of the Church or Sea of Rome, or by an other meanes with any other, hath any power or Authority to depose the king, or to dispose of any of his Majesties Kingdomes or Dominions, or to Authorize any Forraigne Prince, to invade or annoy Him or His Countreyes, or to discharge any of his Subjects of their Allegiance and Obedience to His Majestie, or to give Licence or leave to any of them to beare Armes, raise Tumults, or to offer any violence or hurt to His Majesties Royall person, State or Government, or to any of His Majesties Subjests within His Majesties Dominions. Also I doe sweare from my heart, that, notwithstanding any Declaration or Sentence of Excommunication or Deprivation made or granted, or to be made or granted, by the Pope or his Successors, or by any Authority derived, or pretended to be derived from him or his Sea, against the said King, His Heires or Successors, or any Absolution of the said Subjects from their Obedience; I will bear faith and true allegiance to His Majestie, His Heires and Successors, and Him and Them will defend to the uttermost of my power, against all Conspiracies and Attempts whatoever, which shall be made against His or their Persons, their Crowne and Dignitie, by reason or colour of any such Sentence, or Declaration or otherwise, and will doe my best endevour to disclose and make known unto his Majesty, His Heires and Successors, all Treasons and Traitorous Conspiracies which I shall know or heare of to be against Him, or any of them. And l do further sweare, That I do from my heart abhor, detest and abjure as impious and Hereticall this damnable Doctrine and Position, That Princes which be Excommunicated or deprived by the Pope, may be Deposed or Murthered by their Subjects, or any other whatsoever. And I doe beleeve, and in conscience am resolved, that neither the Pope, nor any person whatsoever hath power to absolve me of this Oath, or any part thereof; which I acknowledge by good and full Authority to bee lawfully ministered unto me, and do renounce all Pardons and Dispensations to the contrary. And all these things I doe plainely and sincerely acknowledge and sweare, according to these expresse words by me spoken, and according to the plaine and common sence and understanding of the same words, without any Equivocation, or mentall evasion or secret reservasion whatsoever. And I doe make this Recognition and acknowledgement heartily, willingly, and truely, upon the true Faith of a Christian. So helpe me GOD.[http://www.lukehistory.com/resources/oaths.html]

== Primary Reference ==

http://www.lukehistory.com/resources/oaths.html

Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy

2009-07-13T20:03:27Z

Sascha Brandt: Created page with 'Going back to the Act of Supremacy 1559, people in public or church office had to swear allegiance to the monarch, accepting him as Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Bre…'

Going back to the Act of Supremacy 1559, people in public or church office had to swear allegiance to the monarch, accepting him as Supreme Governor of the Church of England. Breaking these oaths was seen as treason.

== Text of the Oath of Supremacy ==

I A. B. do utterly testifie and declare in my Conscience, that the Kings Highnesse is the onely Supreame Governour of this Realme, and all other his Highnesse Dominions and Countries, as well in all Spirituall or Ecclesiasticall things or causes, as Temporall: And that no forraine Prince, Person, Prelate, State or Potentate, hath or ought to have any Jurisdiction, Power, Superiorities, Preeminence or Authority Ecclesiasticall or Spirituall within this Realme. And therefore, I do utterly renounce and forsake all Jurisdictions, Powers, Superiorities, or Authorities; and do promise that from henchforth I shall beare faith and true Allegiance to the Kings Highnesse, his Heires and lawfull Successors: and to my power shall assist and defend all Jurisdictions, Priviledges, Preheminences and Authorities granted or belonging to the Kings Highnesse, his Heires and Successors or united and annexed to the Imperial Crowne of the Realme: so helpe me God: and by the Contents of this Booke. [http://www.lukehistory.com/resources/oaths.html]

== Text of the Oath of Allegiance. ==

I A. B. doe truely and sincercly acknowledge, professe, testifie and declare in my conscience before God and the world, That our Soveraigne Lord King CHARLES, is lawfull King of this Realme, and of all other His Majesties Dominions and Countreyes: And that the Pope neither of himselfe, nor by any Authority of the Church or Sea of Rome, or by an other meanes with any other, hath any power or Authority to depose the king, or to dispose of any of his Majesties Kingdomes or Dominions, or to Authorize any Forraigne Prince, to invade or annoy Him or His Countreyes, or to discharge any of his Subjects of their Allegiance and Obedience to His Majestie, or to give Licence or leave to any of them to beare Armes, raise Tumults, or to offer any violence or hurt to His Majesties Royall person, State or Government, or to any of His Majesties Subjests within His Majesties Dominions. Also I doe sweare from my heart, that, notwithstanding any Declaration or Sentence of Excommunication or Deprivation made or granted, or to be made or granted, by the Pope or his Successors, or by any Authority derived, or pretended to be derived from him or his Sea, against the said King, His Heires or Successors, or any Absolution of the said Subjects from their Obedience; I will bear faith and true allegiance to His Majestie, His Heires and Successors, and Him and Them will defend to the uttermost of my power, against all Conspiracies and Attempts whatoever, which shall be made against His or their Persons, their Crowne and Dignitie, by reason or colour of any such Sentence, or Declaration or otherwise, and will doe my best endevour to disclose and make known unto his Majesty, His Heires and Successors, all Treasons and Traitorous Conspiracies which I shall know or heare of to be against Him, or any of them. And l do further sweare, That I do from my heart abhor, detest and abjure as impious and Hereticall this damnable Doctrine and Position, That Princes which be Excommunicated or deprived by the Pope, may be Deposed or Murthered by their Subjects, or any other whatsoever. And I doe beleeve, and in conscience am resolved, that neither the Pope, nor any person whatsoever hath power to absolve me of this Oath, or any part thereof; which I acknowledge by good and full Authority to bee lawfully ministered unto me, and do renounce all Pardons and Dispensations to the contrary. And all these things I doe plainely and sincerely acknowledge and sweare, according to these expresse words by me spoken, and according to the plaine and common sence and understanding of the same words, without any Equivocation, or mentall evasion or secret reservasion whatsoever. And I doe make this Recognition and acknowledgement heartily, willingly, and truely, upon the true Faith of a Christian. So helpe me GOD.[http://www.lukehistory.com/resources/oaths.html]

== Primary Reference ==

http://www.lukehistory.com/resources/oaths.html

Toleration Act

2009-07-13T19:37:45Z

Sascha Brandt:

In May 24, 1689 Parliament passed an act granting religious freedom to Protestants. It explicitly excluded Catholics, Jews or [[Unitarians]]. The Act was established by Parliament and the joint monarchs, William of Orange and Mary II and can be seen as consolidation of the settlement after the [[Glorious Revolution]].

== ==

'''The Toleration Act''' allowed non-conformists to have their own places of worship including their own teachers and priests.In return, they had to take the [[Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy]] and also had to reject [[transsubstantiation]] (which is the Catholic belief of bread and wine turning into the Body of Christ during mass.) The dissenters were only allowed to meet in registered, unlocked houses, religious meetings in private homes were forbidden.
Although the law was a step in the direction towards religious tolerance, dissenting Protestants still had to suffer from social and political restrictions imposed by the [[Clarendon Code]], such as exclusion from political office.

----
'''Primary source'''

An Act for Exempting their Majesties Protestant Subjects dissenting from the Church of England from the Penalties of certaine Lawes[http://old.vts.edu/classes/lma6/TEXTS/TOLERATION%20ACT.pdf]

'''Secondary sources'''

"Toleration Act." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 21 May. 2009 <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/598612/Toleration-Act>.

JOHN CANNON. "Toleration Act." The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 21 May. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"The Toleration Act of 1689" Associated Content. 2008. 21 May. 2009 http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/1206742/the_toleration_act_of_1689_pg2.html?cat=37

Broadsheet

2009-07-13T19:24:31Z

Sascha Brandt:

Usually a '''broadsheet''' was a single sheet of paper containing various types of information. It was a common manner of receiving news during the Restoration times. Additionally it could serve the purpose of entertainment by publishing ballads or poems.

[[File:broadsheet.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Broadsheet celebrating King William's victories during the Ireland campaign]]

Sources:
http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/english-literature/restoration-literature.html

Image: Hall, Simon, Haywood, John, The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History. London [et al.]: Penguin Books, 2001. p. 141.

Broadsheet

2009-07-13T19:24:03Z

Sascha Brandt:

Usually a '''broadsheet''' was a single sheet of paper containing various types of information. It was a common manner of receiving news during the Restoration times. Additionally it could serve the purpose of entertainment by publishing ballads or poems.

[[File:broadsheet.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Broadshhet celebrating King William's victories during the Ireland campaign]]

Sources:
http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/english-literature/restoration-literature.html

Image: Hall, Simon, Haywood, John, The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History. London [et al.]: Penguin Books, 2001. p. 141.

Broadsheet

2009-07-13T18:48:01Z

Sascha Brandt: Created page with 'Usually a '''broadsheet''' was a single sheet of paper containing various types of information. It was a common manner of receiving news during the Restoration times. Additional…'

Usually a '''broadsheet''' was a single sheet of paper containing various types of information. It was a common manner of receiving news during the Restoration times. Additionally it could serve the purpose of entertainment by publishing ballads or poems.

[[File:broadsheet.jpg|200px|thumb|left|alt text]]

Sources:
http://www.spiritus-temporis.com/english-literature/restoration-literature.html

Image: Hall, Simon, Haywood, John, The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History. London [et al.]: Penguin Books, 2001. p. 141.

File:Broadsheet.jpg

2009-07-13T18:31:58Z

Sascha Brandt:

Glorious Revolution

2009-07-13T16:04:26Z

Sascha Brandt:

1688/1689. See sessions 3 and 4/Restoration Culture. See [[William III]].

Sensing the prospect of a Catholic succession to the English throne by the birth of James's son in June 1688, five Whig and two Tory politicians (the immortal seven) asked William of Orange, James's son- in-law and Stadholder of Holland for intervention in order to restore England's 'ancient rights and liberties'.

William assembled a fleet four times the size of the Spanish Armada and landed in Brixham/England on 5 November 1688. Immediately he began marching towards London.
William's advance and the fading support among the English forced James to flee to France, leaving the English and Irish thrones vacant. In April 1689, the 'Convention Parliament' decided to offer both thrones to William and Mary, who were instantly crowned.

But already in March 1689, the exiled James took preparations to regain his thrones. Together with a small French force, James landed in Kinsale. After proceeding to Dublin, he called the 'Patriot Parliament' as base support for his re-conquest.

William reacted by sending a large army of continental soldiers that entered a series of battles, which was subsequently ended by the treaty of Limerick after William's decisive victorys at Boyne (July 1690) and Aughrim (September 1691). The defeat of the Jacobites rendered the Glorious Revolution successful.

Sources: Hall, Simon ,Haywood, John, ''The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History'', Penguin Books, 2001.

Glorious Revolution

2009-07-13T16:03:58Z

Sascha Brandt:

1688/1689. See sessions 3 and 4/Restoration Culture. See [[William III]].

Sensing the Prospect of a Catholic succession to the English throne by the birth of James's son in June 1688, five Whig and two Tory politicians (the immortal seven) asked William of Orange, James's son- in-law and Stadholder of Holland for intervention in order to restore England's 'ancient rights and liberties'.

William assembled a fleet four times the size of the Spanish Armada and landed in Brixham/England on 5 November 1688. Immediately he began marching towards London.
William's advance and the fading support among the English forced James to flee to France, leaving the English and Irish thrones vacant. In April 1689, the 'Convention Parliament' decided to offer both thrones to William and Mary, who were instantly crowned.

But already in March 1689, the exiled James took preparations to regain his thrones. Together with a small French force, James landed in Kinsale. After proceeding to Dublin, he called the 'Patriot Parliament' as base support for his re-conquest.

William reacted by sending a large army of continental soldiers that entered a series of battles, which was subsequently ended by the treaty of Limerick after William's decisive victorys at Boyne (July 1690) and Aughrim (September 1691). The defeat of the Jacobites rendered the Glorious Revolution successful.

Sources: Hall, Simon ,Haywood, John, ''The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History'', Penguin Books, 2001.

Glorious Revolution

2009-07-13T16:03:22Z

Sascha Brandt:

1688/1689. See sessions 3 and 4/Restoration Culture. See [[William III]].

Sensing the Prospect of a Catholic succession to the English throne by the birth of James's son in June 1688, five Whig and two Tory politicians (the immortal seven) asked William of Orange, James's son- in-law and Stadholder of Holland for intervention in order to restore England's 'ancient rights and liberties'.

William assembled a fleet four times the size of the Spanish Armada and landed in Brixham/England on 5 November 1688. Immediately he began marching towards London.
William's advance and the fading support among the English forced James to flee to France, leaving the English and Irish thrones vacant. In April 1689, the 'Convention Palament' decided to offer both thrones to William and Mary, who were instantly crowned.

But already in March 1689, the exiled James took preparations to regain his thrones. Together with a small French force, James landed in Kinsale. After proceeding to Dublin, he called the 'Patriot Parliament' as base support for his re-conquest.

William reacted by sending a large army of continental soldiers that entered a series of battles, which was subsequently ended by the treaty of Limerick after William's decisive victorys at Boyne (July 1690) and Aughrim (September 1691). The defeat of the Jacobites rendered the Glorious Revolution successful.

Sources: Hall, Simon ,Haywood, John, ''The Penguin Atlas of British and Irish History'', Penguin Books, 2001.

Popish Plot

2009-07-12T23:24:49Z

Sascha Brandt: Created page with ''''Popish Plot (1678):''' The '''Popish Plot''' was a supposed conspiracy by Roman Catholics to kill the Protestant Charles II of England and replace him as king by his Roman C…'

'''Popish Plot (1678):'''

The '''Popish Plot''' was a supposed conspiracy by Roman Catholics to kill the Protestant Charles II of England and replace him as king by his Roman Catholic brother, James, Duke of York.

Principal item of the plot was a manuscript written by Titus Oates and Israel Tonge that pretended the Roman Catholic Church to approve the assassination of Charles II by English Jesuits. The alleged plot resulted in an anti-Catholic frenzy, in which 24 Catholics were executed for treason and serveral others died in prison. The eventual discovery of the plot preceded the Exclusion Bill Crisis.

Sources:

http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/parade/abj76/PG/pieces/popish_plot.shtml

http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Titus_Oates