https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=NiLu 2026-05-11T18:47:34Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0 https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Harold_Wilson&diff=6549 2011-06-24T07:18:56Z

<p>NiLu: Created page with &#039;Harold James Wilson was born on Saturday March 11, 1916 to Ethel and Herbert Wilson. His sister Marjorie was seven years his senior. They lived at 4 Warneford Road in Milnsbridge…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>Harold James Wilson was born on Saturday March 11, 1916 to Ethel and Herbert Wilson. His sister Marjorie was seven years his senior. They lived at 4 Warneford Road in Milnsbridge, Cole Valley, North Yorkshire.<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Family'''<br /> ----<br /> Harold Wilson’s parents were members of the Congregational Church, and their religion was very important form them. Although the family could afford an above-average living standard, Harold’s father “defiantly described himself as ‘working class’” (Smith 16), which was probably due to the fact that he was a socialist and supporter of the [[Labour Party]]. His parents were “exceptionally self-contained, self-sufficient [people], disinclined to display feelings” (''ibid''. 18), further, Harold was very close to his shy mother, and resembled her more than his father. This formed Harold’s character and among his main character traits were resourcefulness and emotional independence. He never lost his temper and he never displayed his feelings publicly; they were to be kept secret and under control. And he never discussed his problems or worries with somebody, which became “indelibly part of the grown man” (''ibid''. 19).<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Education'''<br /> ----<br /> Herbert Wilson wanted the best education for his children, but despite the fact that he could have afforded a private school, Harold and his sister were sent to New Street Council School in Milnsbridge because their father did not approve of private education. Harold was a very successful pupil, always top of the class. He had a “prodigious reading ability, […] [an] intense interest in every subject” (''ibid''. 22), and the ability to learn and remember effortlessly. After homework, he liked to play football and cricket with his friends from school, whom liked him because he would always help them with whatever problem they had. About his time at New Street he later said:<br /> <br /> I sometimes look at some my colleagues in the [[House of Commons]] and feel sorry that they had not the same educational advantages we had. Many M.P.’s have been through [[Eton]] and other colleges. If they came to New Street, Milnsbridge, they would see a ‘right’ school. (Qtd. ''ibid''. 28).<br /> <br /> In 1927 he was awarded the County Minor Scholarship which allowed him to go to Royds Hall (Grammar) School in Huddersfield. When Harold was sixteen, his teachers thought that he “ought to secure a university education” (''ibid''. 60), which Harold was inclined to do, he wanted to go to [[Oxford]]. For his own benefits he entered the first sixth form of Wirral Grammar School, and because he was the only one, he got individual tuition. Unfortunately, he did not win a scholarship, and it seemed as if he would not be able to study at Oxford. But after having been awarded a History Exhibition for Jesus College (worth £60 a year) and a county grant, “he was only £50 short of his requirements. Herbert gladly undertook to provide the balance” (''ibid''. 63).<br /> In October 1934, Harold went to Oxford where he started to study History, but soon he decided to study Philosophy, Politics and Political Economy.<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Scout Movement'''<br /> ----<br /> Smith argues that it was the Scout Movement that influenced Harold strongly and that was the reason why he entered politics in the first place. He concludes that Harold’s experience as a Scout decisively formed his character and his religious conviction, and that his interpretation and practical expression of the Scout laws can be found in his political principles (cf. 28). The Group Scoutmaster Rev. W.H. Potter “never allowed politics to feature at Scout gatherings, but he saw to it that the boys knew about the social conditions of the times, and he constantly reminded them of their promise ‘to help other people at all times’” (''ibid''. 29). As a Scout, Harold discovered that he liked to exercise authority and take over responsibility, further he “learned the practical meaning of team work, and the value of friendly rivalry within the team; from this his sense of fair play and loyalty” (''ibid''. 32).<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Sources'''<br /> ----<br /> Noel, Gerard Eyre. ''Harold Wilson. Sein Austieg mit der Labour Party''. Düsseldorf: Droste Verlag, 1964.<br /> <br /> Smith, Leslie. ''Harold Wilson. The Authentic Portrait''. London: Hodder &amp; Stroughton, 1964.</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Communitarianism&diff=6504 2011-05-13T17:55:53Z

<p>NiLu: Created page with &#039;Communitarianism is a political philosophy which unites community values with the democratic values of personal freedom and equality; the idea behind it is to form a democratic …&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>Communitarianism is a political philosophy which unites community values with the democratic values of personal freedom and equality; <br /> the idea behind it is to form a democratic community (cf. Daly xiii). It can only develop within a liberal culture in which community values decline, <br /> Communitarianism aims at making the welfare of the community topic of political discourse (cf. ibid.), <br /> thereby stopping the decline of “a distinctive quality of social relationship that members of a community form with one another” (ibid. xv).<br /> <br /> One point of criticism is that liberalism does not focus on “the importance of community for personal identity, moral and political thinking, and judgements about the well-being in our contemporary world” (Bell 4). Furthermore it sees the “centring on the self and away from communities” as the reason for “unshackled greed, rootlessness, alienation from the political process, rises in the rate of divorce and [many] other [similar] phenomena” (ibid. 1). Instead of focusing on such values as individual interests, autonomy and neutrality, Communitarianism is concerned with the common good, solidarity and social responsibility (cf. Daly xvii).<br /> ----<br /> '''Sources'''<br /> <br /> Bell, Daniel. ''Communitarianism and its Critics''. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.<br /> <br /> Daly, Mark (Ed.). ''Communitarianism. A New Public Ethics''. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994.</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Adelheid_von_Sachsen-Meiningen&diff=6248 2011-01-14T07:08:16Z

<p>NiLu: </p> <hr /> <div>Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen or Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (also Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen (cf. nationalarchives.gov.uk)). Between 1830 and 1837 she was Queen Adelaide of Great Britain and Ireland.<br /> <br /> Amelie Adelheid Luise Therese Caroline was born on August 13, 1792 in Meiningen, Thuringia. She was the first daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, George and Eleanor. Her siblings were Ida, later Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and Bernhard, the heir to the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.<br /> <br /> Adelheid was very privileged as she enjoyed an excellent education. She took lessons in French, Italian, History and German Literature and was further educated in the Lutheran denomination.<br /> <br /> On April 19, 1818 the engagement of Adelheid to William Duke of Clarence was announced, at the time Adelheid was already 26 years old, her fiancé 53. Their marriage took place on July 13, 1818 and only a few weeks later, Adelheid noticed that she was pregnant. Unfortunately, Adelheid suffered a premature birth, and on March 26, 1819 their first daughter Princess Charlotte Augusta died only hours after her birth. A few month after the death of her daughter, the young Duchess miscarried her second child, but on December 10, 1820 she gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth. However, only a few month later, Elizabeth died of a fever (cf. Panzer 233). Adelheid broke down and went to Germany in order to recover. The marriage of Adelheid and William remained childless.<br /> <br /> When William’s brother, the Duke of York, died in 1827, Adelheid’s husband was all of a sudden the next in the line of succession to the British throne and in 1830, when [[George IV]] died, William and Adelheid became King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. <br /> <br /> Adelheid was a family-oriented Queen, who took care of her husband and exerted a posite influence on him, furthermore it was her commendable behaviour that added to her good reputation (cf. ibid. 235). A person called Greville, despite being one of her hardest critics, described her with the words &quot;jeder Zoll eine Königin&quot; (qtd. ibid. 235).<br /> However good her reputation was, Adelheid’s court was said to have been rather boring, she led a quiet and secluded life, loved embroidering, was involved in gardening and took care of the farm and dairy at Windsor (cf. ibid.).<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Sources<br /> ----<br /> Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 2001.<br /> <br /> http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P199</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Adelheid_von_Sachsen-Meiningen&diff=6247 2011-01-14T07:07:50Z

<p>NiLu: </p> <hr /> <div>Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen or Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (also Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen (cf. nationalarchives.gov.uk). Between 1830 and 1837 she was Queen Adelaide of Great Britain and Ireland.<br /> <br /> Amelie Adelheid Luise Therese Caroline was born on August 13, 1792 in Meiningen, Thuringia. She was the first daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, George and Eleanor. Her siblings were Ida, later Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and Bernhard, the heir to the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.<br /> <br /> Adelheid was very privileged as she enjoyed an excellent education. She took lessons in French, Italian, History and German Literature and was further educated in the Lutheran denomination.<br /> <br /> On April 19, 1818 the engagement of Adelheid to William Duke of Clarence was announced, at the time Adelheid was already 26 years old, her fiancé 53. Their marriage took place on July 13, 1818 and only a few weeks later, Adelheid noticed that she was pregnant. Unfortunately, Adelheid suffered a premature birth, and on March 26, 1819 their first daughter Princess Charlotte Augusta died only hours after her birth. A few month after the death of her daughter, the young Duchess miscarried her second child, but on December 10, 1820 she gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth. However, only a few month later, Elizabeth died of a fever (cf. Panzer 233). Adelheid broke down and went to Germany in order to recover. The marriage of Adelheid and William remained childless.<br /> <br /> When William’s brother, the Duke of York, died in 1827, Adelheid’s husband was all of a sudden the next in the line of succession to the British throne and in 1830, when [[George IV]] died, William and Adelheid became King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. <br /> <br /> Adelheid was a family-oriented Queen, who took care of her husband and exerted a posite influence on him, furthermore it was her commendable behaviour that added to her good reputation (cf. ibid. 235). A person called Greville, despite being one of her hardest critics, described her with the words &quot;jeder Zoll eine Königin&quot; (qtd. ibid. 235).<br /> However good her reputation was, Adelheid’s court was said to have been rather boring, she led a quiet and secluded life, loved embroidering, was involved in gardening and took care of the farm and dairy at Windsor (cf. ibid.).<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Sources<br /> ----<br /> Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 2001.<br /> <br /> http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P199</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Adelheid_von_Sachsen-Meiningen&diff=6246 2011-01-14T07:06:05Z

<p>NiLu: </p> <hr /> <div>Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen or Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (also Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen (cf. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk])). Between 1830 and 1837 she was Queen Adelaide of Great Britain and Ireland.<br /> <br /> Amelie Adelheid Luise Therese Caroline was born on August 13, 1792 in Meiningen, Thuringia. She was the first daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, George and Eleanor. Her siblings were Ida, later Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and Bernhard, the heir to the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.<br /> <br /> Adelheid was very privileged as she enjoyed an excellent education. She took lessons in French, Italian, History and German Literature and was further educated in the Lutheran denomination.<br /> <br /> On April 19, 1818 the engagement of Adelheid to William Duke of Clarence was announced, at the time Adelheid was already 26 years old, her fiancé 53. Their marriage took place on July 13, 1818 and only a few weeks later, Adelheid noticed that she was pregnant. Unfortunately, Adelheid suffered a premature birth, and on March 26, 1819 their first daughter Princess Charlotte Augusta died only hours after her birth. A few month after the death of her daughter, the young Duchess miscarried her second child, but on December 10, 1820 she gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth. However, only a few month later, Elizabeth died of a fever (cf. Panzer 233). Adelheid broke down and went to Germany in order to recover. The marriage of Adelheid and William remained childless.<br /> <br /> When William’s brother, the Duke of York, died in 1827, Adelheid’s husband was all of a sudden the next in the line of succession to the British throne and in 1830, when [[George IV]] died, William and Adelheid became King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. <br /> <br /> Adelheid was a family-oriented Queen, who took care of her husband and exerted a posite influence on him, furthermore it was her commendable behaviour that added to her good reputation (cf. ibid. 235). A person called Greville, despite being one of her hardest critics, described her with the words &quot;jeder Zoll eine Königin&quot; (qtd. ibid. 235).<br /> However good her reputation was, Adelheid’s court was said to have been rather boring, she led a quiet and secluded life, loved embroidering, was involved in gardening and took care of the farm and dairy at Windsor (cf. ibid.).<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Sources<br /> ----<br /> Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 2001.<br /> <br /> http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P199</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Abbey_Theatre&diff=6241 2011-01-13T16:22:18Z

<p>NiLu: </p> <hr /> <div>The Abbey Theatre was founded by [[W.B. Yeats]] and [[Lady Augusta Gregory]] in 1903. It opened its doors, however, not until December 27, 1904. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Support ==<br /> <br /> Despite the financial support of Miss Annie Horniman, the Abbey was a rather small theatre with limited financial means. Therefore, it became famous for staging mainly short plays in its first years. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Irish National Theatre ==<br /> <br /> In order to establish an Irish National Theatre, the main aim of the founders was to employ Irish dramatists who would stage Irish topics. Back then, as well as today, the underlying idea of the artistic work at the Abbey was/is &quot;to bring upon stage the deeper emotions of Ireland&quot; ([http://www.abbeytheatre.ie]). W.B. Yeats claimed that up until the foundation of the Abbey Theatre Irish drama did not exist and that the &quot;independent identity of the still-colonised people had yet to be realised on stage&quot; (Oxford, 1). The tradition of Irish drama mainly refers back to medieval times and repeats the different steps of English dramatic history (cf. ibid.). It was Yeats' aim to achieve an &quot;antirealist, antimodern theatre&quot; (ibid.).<br /> The idea behind the foundation of the Irish National Theatre was to compensate for the lack of political development. The founders hoped to be able to &quot;provide a precedent and justification for legislative independence&quot; (ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Playwrights ==<br /> Many of the playwrights who initially worked for the Abbey Theatre (for example William Butler Yeats) belonged to the Protestant Ascendancy or rather, to use the vocabulary of Irish national politics, they were &quot;strangers&quot; (cf. ibid.). <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> www.abbeytheatre.ie [http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/behind_the_scenes] <br /> <br /> &quot;Abbey Theatre&quot;, ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature''</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Adelheid_von_Sachsen-Meiningen&diff=6240 2011-01-13T16:15:20Z

<p>NiLu: </p> <hr /> <div>Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen or Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (also Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen (cf. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk])). Between 1830 and 1837 she was Queen Adelaide of Great Britain and Ireland.<br /> <br /> Amelie Adelheid Luise Therese Caroline was born on August 13, 1792 in Meiningen, Thuringia. She was the first daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, George and Eleanor. Her siblings were Ida, later Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and Bernhard, the heir to the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.<br /> <br /> Adelheid was very privileged as she enjoyed an excellent education. She took lessons in French, Italian, History and German Literature and was further educated in the Lutheran denomination.<br /> <br /> On April 19, 1818 the engagement of Adelheid to William Duke of Clarence was announced, at the time Adelheid was already 26 years old, her fiancé 53. Their marriage took place on July 13, 1818 and only a few weeks later, Adelheid noticed that she was pregnant. Unfortunately, Adelheid suffered a premature birth, and on March 26, 1819 their first daughter Princess Charlotte Augusta died only hours after her birth. A few month after the death of her daughter, the young Duchess miscarried her second child, but on December 10, 1820 she gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth. However, only a few month later, Elizabeth died of a fever (cf. Panzer 233). Adelheid broke down and went to Germany in order to recover. The marriage of Adelheid and William remained childless.<br /> <br /> When William’s brother, the Duke of York, died in 1827, Adelheid’s husband was all of a sudden the next in the line of succession to the British throne and in 1830, when [[George IV]] died, William and Adelheid became King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. <br /> <br /> Adelheid was a family-oriented Queen, who took care of her husband and exerted a posite influence on him, furthermore it was her commendable behaviour that added to her good reputation (cf. ibid. 235). A person called Greville, despite being one of her hardest critics, described her with the words &quot;jeder Zoll eine Königin&quot; (qtd. ibid. 235).<br /> However good her reputation was, Adelheid’s court was said to have been rather boring, she led a quiet and secluded life, loved embroidering, was involved in gardening and took care of the farm and dairy at Windsor.<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Sources<br /> ----<br /> Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 2001.<br /> <br /> http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P199</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Adelheid_von_Sachsen-Meiningen&diff=6239 2011-01-13T16:10:55Z

<p>NiLu: Created page with &#039;Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen or Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (also Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen (cf. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk])). Between 1830 and 1837 she was Qu…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>Adelheid von Sachsen-Meiningen or Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (also Adelaide of Saxe-Coburg Meiningen (cf. [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk])). Between 1830 and 1837 she was Queen Adelaide of Great Britain and Ireland.<br /> <br /> Amelie Adelheid Luise Therese Caroline was born on August 13, 1792 in Meiningen, Thuringia. She was the first daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, George and Eleanor. Her siblings were Ida, later Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and Bernhard, the heir to the Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.<br /> <br /> Adelheid was very privileged as she enjoyed an excellent education. She took lessons in French, Italian, History and German Literature and was further educated in the Lutheran denomination.<br /> <br /> On April 19, 1818 the engagement of Adelheid to William Duke of Clarence was announced, at the time Adelheid was already 26 years old, her fiancé 53. Their marriage took place on July 13, 1818 and only a few weeks later, Adelheid noticed that she was pregnant. Unfortunately, Adelheid suffered a premature birth, and on March 26, 1819 their first daughter Princess Charlotte Augusta died only hours after her birth. A few month after the death of her daughter, the young Duchess miscarried her second child, but on December 10, 1820 she gave birth to her daughter Elizabeth. However, only a few month later, Elizabeth died of a fever (cf. Panzer 233). Adelheid broke down and went to Germany in order to recover. The marriage of Adelheid and William remained childless.<br /> <br /> When William’s brother, the Duke of York, died in 1827, Adelheid’s husband was all of a sudden the next in the line of succession to the British throne and in 1830, when [[George IV]] died, William and Adelheid became King and Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. <br /> <br /> Adelheid was a family-oriented Queen, who took care of her husband and exerted a posite influence on him, furthermore it was her commendable behaviour that added to her good reputation (cf. Panzer 235). A person called Greville, despite being one of her hardest critics, described her with the words &quot;jeder Zoll eine Königin&quot; (qtd. in Panzer 235).<br /> However good her reputation was, Adelheid’s court was said to have been rather boring, she led a quiet and secluded life, loved embroidering, was involved in gardening and took care of the farm and dairy at Windsor.<br /> <br /> <br /> ----<br /> Sources<br /> ----<br /> Panzer, Marita A. ''Englands Königinnen''. Regensburg: Verlag Friedrich Pustet, 2001.<br /> <br /> http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/nra/searches/subjectView.asp?ID=P199</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Abbey_Theatre&diff=5795 2010-11-23T14:31:27Z

<p>NiLu: /* Sources */</p> <hr /> <div>The Abbey Theatre was founded by [[W.B. Yeats]] and [[Lady Augusta Gregory]] in 1903. It opened its doors, however, not until December 27, 1904. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Support ==<br /> <br /> Despite the financial support of Miss Annie Horniman, the Abbey was a rather small theatre with limited financial means. Therefore, it became famous for staging mainly short plays in its first years. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Irish National Theatre ==<br /> <br /> In order to establish an Irish National Theatre, the main aim of the founders was to employ Irish dramatists who would stage Irish topics. Back then, as well as today, the underlying idea of the artistic work at the Abbey was/is &quot;to bring upon stage the deeper emotions of Ireland&quot; ([http://www.abbeytheatre.ie]). W.B. Yeats claimed that up until the foundation of the Abbey Theatre Irish drama did not exist and that the &quot;independent identity of the still-colonised people had yet to be realised on stage&quot; (Oxford, 1). The tradition of Irish drama mainly refers back to medieval times and repeats the different steps of English dramatic history (cf. ibid.). It was Yeats' aim to achieve an &quot;antirealist, antimodern theatre&quot; (ibid.).<br /> The idea behind the foundation of the Irish National Theatre was to compensate for the lack of political development. The founders hoped to be able to &quot;provide a precedent and justification for legislative independence&quot; (ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Playwrights ==<br /> Many of the playwrights who initially worked for the Abbey Theatre belonged to the Protestant Ascendency or rather, to use the vocabulary of Irish national politics, they were &quot;strangers&quot; (cf. ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> www.abbeytheatre.ie [http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/behind_the_scenes] <br /> <br /> &quot;Abbey Theatre&quot;, ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature''</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Abbey_Theatre&diff=5794 2010-11-23T14:28:23Z

<p>NiLu: /* Irish National Theatre */</p> <hr /> <div>The Abbey Theatre was founded by [[W.B. Yeats]] and [[Lady Augusta Gregory]] in 1903. It opened its doors, however, not until December 27, 1904. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Support ==<br /> <br /> Despite the financial support of Miss Annie Horniman, the Abbey was a rather small theatre with limited financial means. Therefore, it became famous for staging mainly short plays in its first years. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Irish National Theatre ==<br /> <br /> In order to establish an Irish National Theatre, the main aim of the founders was to employ Irish dramatists who would stage Irish topics. Back then, as well as today, the underlying idea of the artistic work at the Abbey was/is &quot;to bring upon stage the deeper emotions of Ireland&quot; ([http://www.abbeytheatre.ie]). W.B. Yeats claimed that up until the foundation of the Abbey Theatre Irish drama did not exist and that the &quot;independent identity of the still-colonised people had yet to be realised on stage&quot; (Oxford, 1). The tradition of Irish drama mainly refers back to medieval times and repeats the different steps of English dramatic history (cf. ibid.). It was Yeats' aim to achieve an &quot;antirealist, antimodern theatre&quot; (ibid.).<br /> The idea behind the foundation of the Irish National Theatre was to compensate for the lack of political development. The founders hoped to be able to &quot;provide a precedent and justification for legislative independence&quot; (ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Playwrights ==<br /> Many of the playwrights who initially worked for the Abbey Theatre belonged to the Protestant Ascendency or rather, to use the vocabulary of Irish national politics, they were &quot;strangers&quot; (cf. ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> www.abbeytheatre.ie [http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/behind_the_scenes] and The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Abbey_Theatre&diff=5793 2010-11-23T14:26:57Z

<p>NiLu: /* Support */</p> <hr /> <div>The Abbey Theatre was founded by [[W.B. Yeats]] and [[Lady Augusta Gregory]] in 1903. It opened its doors, however, not until December 27, 1904. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Support ==<br /> <br /> Despite the financial support of Miss Annie Horniman, the Abbey was a rather small theatre with limited financial means. Therefore, it became famous for staging mainly short plays in its first years. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Irish National Theatre ==<br /> <br /> In order to establish an Irish National Theatre, the main aim of the founders was to employ Irish dramatists who would stage Irish topics. Back then, as well as today, the underlying idea of the artistic work at the Abbey was/is &quot;to bring upon stage the deeper emotions of Ireland&quot; ([http://www.abbeytheatre.ie]). W.B. Yeats claimed that up until the foundation of the Abbey Theatre Irish drama did not exist and that the &quot;independent identity of the still-colonised people had yet to be realised on stage&quot; (Oxford, 1). The tradition of Irish drama mainly refers back to medieval times and repeats the different steps of English dramatic history (cf. ibid.). It was his aim to achieve an &quot;antirealist, antimodern theatre&quot; (ibid.).<br /> The idea behind the foundation of the Irish National Theatre was to compensate for the lack of political development. The founders hoped to be able to &quot;provide a precedent and justification for legislative independence&quot; (ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Playwrights ==<br /> Many of the playwrights who initially worked for the Abbey Theatre belonged to the Protestant Ascendency or rather, to use the vocabulary of Irish national politics, they were &quot;strangers&quot; (cf. ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> www.abbeytheatre.ie [http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/behind_the_scenes] and The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Abbey_Theatre&diff=5792 2010-11-23T14:24:55Z

<p>NiLu: Created page with &#039;The Abbey Theatre was founded by W.B. Yeats and Lady Augusta Gregory in 1903. It opened its doors, however, not until December 27, 1904. ---- == Support == Despite th…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>The Abbey Theatre was founded by [[W.B. Yeats]] and [[Lady Augusta Gregory]] in 1903. It opened its doors, however, not until December 27, 1904. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Support ==<br /> <br /> Despite the financial support of Miss Annie Horniman, the Abbey was a rather small theatre with limited finacial means. Therefore, it became famous for staging mainly short plays in its first years. <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Irish National Theatre ==<br /> <br /> In order to establish an Irish National Theatre, the main aim of the founders was to employ Irish dramatists who would stage Irish topics. Back then, as well as today, the underlying idea of the artistic work at the Abbey was/is &quot;to bring upon stage the deeper emotions of Ireland&quot; ([http://www.abbeytheatre.ie]). W.B. Yeats claimed that up until the foundation of the Abbey Theatre Irish drama did not exist and that the &quot;independent identity of the still-colonised people had yet to be realised on stage&quot; (Oxford, 1). The tradition of Irish drama mainly refers back to medieval times and repeats the different steps of English dramatic history (cf. ibid.). It was his aim to achieve an &quot;antirealist, antimodern theatre&quot; (ibid.).<br /> The idea behind the foundation of the Irish National Theatre was to compensate for the lack of political development. The founders hoped to be able to &quot;provide a precedent and justification for legislative independence&quot; (ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Playwrights ==<br /> Many of the playwrights who initially worked for the Abbey Theatre belonged to the Protestant Ascendency or rather, to use the vocabulary of Irish national politics, they were &quot;strangers&quot; (cf. ibid.).<br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> www.abbeytheatre.ie [http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/behind_the_scenes] and The Oxford Encyclopedia of British Literature</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Prince_Edward&diff=5423 2010-07-10T15:33:31Z

<p>NiLu: </p> <hr /> <div>Edward Antony Richard Louis was born on 10 March 1964 as the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. <br /> Born in Windsor Castle and christened in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle. In 1999 he was appointed Earl of Wessex.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Early Life and Education'''<br /> ----<br /> Until the age of seven Prince Edward was educated privately by a governess. After that, he moved on to Gibbs School, a pre-preparatory school in Kensington. In 1972 he advanced to Heatherdown Preparatory School in Berkshire. From 1977 on, he was a student at Gordonstoun School in Scotland, where already his two brothers and his father were educated. <br /> <br /> Edward used to play rugby and squash, loved skiing and sailing, and took gliding lessons. <br /> <br /> He left Gordonstoun in 1982 and spent a gap year in Wanguri, New Zealand, where he worked as a house tutor at the Collegiate School. He taught English and History and supervised drama classes. <br /> <br /> After his return to England, Edward studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1986 with a degree in History. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Career and Public Role'''<br /> ----<br /> After leaving Cambridge, Edward joined the Royal Marines as a University Cadet. Already one year later, in 1987, he resigned in order to pursue a career in theatrical production. For ten years he ran his own business, Arden Productions, a television production company, with which he was also involved in documentaries about the Royal Family.<br /> <br /> Prior to the foundation of his own company, he worked for two theatrical production companies. One having been Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Theatre Company where he took care of the productions of Phantom of the Opera, Starlight Express and Cats. <br /> <br /> In 2002 he and his wife, [[Sophie Rhys-Jones]], announced to concentrate on their Royal duties and retired from working life. They started to focus on supporting organisations and charities, as well as individuals and companies.<br /> <br /> Nowadays the Earl acts in support of the Queen, which means that he travels a lot across Britain and the world. <br /> His main interests are young people, arts and sport. Organisations which support young people are of main importance to him.<br /> <br /> He is also associated with sporting bodies, he is Vice Patron of the Commonwealth Games Federation, and Patron of Badminton Scotland and Snowsport GB. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Family Life'''<br /> ----<br /> In 1993 Edward met Sophie Rhys-Jones, while she was still working in Public Relations. Six years later, in 1999, they announced their engagement on January 6. Only a couple of month later, on 19 June 1999, they were married at St. George's Chapel, Windsor.<br /> <br /> Their first child, daughter Louise, was born on 8 November 2003. Her younger brother, Viscount Severn, was born 17 December 2007.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Honours and Appointments'''<br /> ----<br /> Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)<br /> <br /> Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)<br /> <br /> Before Edward became KCVO in 2003, he was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 1989.<br /> In 2006 he was appointed KG.<br /> <br /> He holds the Silver (1977) and Golden Jubilee (2002) medals and the New Zealand Commemorative Medal from 1990, in order to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Treaty of Waitangi and the formation of modern New Zealand.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sources'''<br /> ----<br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheEarlofWessex/The%20Earl%20of%20Wessex.aspx]<br /> <br /> [http://www.britroyals.com/family.asp?id=edward]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Prince_Edward&diff=5422 2010-07-10T15:31:11Z

<p>NiLu: </p> <hr /> <div>Edward Antony Richard Louis was born on 10 March 1964 as the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. <br /> Born in Windsor Castle and christened in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle. In 1999 he was appointed Earl of Wessex.<br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Early Life and Education'''<br /> ----<br /> Until the age of seven Prince Edward was educated privately by a governess. After that, he moved on to Gibbs School, a pre-preparatory school in Kensington. In 1972 he advanced to Heatherdown Preparatory School in Berkshire. From 1977 on, he was a student at Gordonstoun School in Scotland, where already his two brothers and his father were educated. <br /> <br /> Edward used to play rugby and squash, loved skiing and sailing, and took gliding lessons. <br /> <br /> He left Gordonstoun in 1982 and spent a gap year in Wanguri, New Zealand, where he worked as a house tutor at the Collegiate School. He taught English and History and supervised drama classes. <br /> <br /> After his return to England, Edward studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1986 with a degree in History. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Career and Public Role'''<br /> ----<br /> After leaving Cambridge, Edward joined the Royal Marines as a University Cadet. Already one year later, in 1987, he resigned in order to pursue a career in theatrical production. For ten years he ran his own business, Arden Productions, a television production company, with which he was also involved in documentaries about the Royal Family.<br /> <br /> Prior to the foundation of his own company, he worked for two theatrical production companies. One having been Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Theatre Company where he took care of the productions of Phantom of the Opera, Starlight Express and Cats. <br /> <br /> In 2002 he and his wife, [[Sophie Rhys-Jones]], announced to concentrate on their Royal duties and retired from working life. They started to focus on supporting organisations and charities, as well as individuals and companies.<br /> <br /> Nowadays the Earl acts in support of the Queen, which means that he travels a lot across Britain and the world. <br /> His main interests are young people, arts and sport. Organisations which support young people are of main importance to him.<br /> <br /> He is also associated with sporting bodies, he is Vice Patron of the Commonwealth Games Federation, and Patron of Badminton Scotland and Snowsport GB. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Family Life'''<br /> ----<br /> In 1993 Edward met Sophie Rhys-Jones, while she was still working in Public Relations. Six years later, in 1999, they announced their engagement on January 6. Only a couple of month later, on 19 June 1999, they were married at St. George's Chapel, Windsor.<br /> <br /> Their first child, daughter Louise, was born on 8 November 2003. Her younger brother, Viscount Severn, was born 17 December 2007.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Honours and Appointments'''<br /> ----<br /> Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)<br /> <br /> Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)<br /> <br /> Before Edward became KCVO in 2003, he was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 1989.<br /> In 2006 he was appointed KG.<br /> <br /> He holds the Silver (1977) and Golden Jubilee (2002) medals and the New Zealand Commemorative Medal from 1990, in order to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Treaty of Waitangi and the formation of modern New Zealand.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sources'''<br /> ----<br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheEarlofWessex/The%20Earl%20of%20Wessex.aspx]<br /> <br /> [http://www.britroyals.com/family.asp?id=edward]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Prince_Edward&diff=5421 2010-07-10T15:28:20Z

<p>NiLu: Created page with &#039;Edward Antony Richard Louis was born on 10 March 1964 as the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. Born in Windsor Castle and christened in the Private Chapel of Wi…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>Edward Antony Richard Louis was born on 10 March 1964 as the third son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. <br /> Born in Windsor Castle and christened in the Private Chapel of Windsor Castle. In 1999 he was appointed Earl of Wessex.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Early Life and Education'''<br /> ----<br /> Until the age of seven Prince Edward was educated privately by a governess. After that, he moved on to Gibbs School, a pre-preparatory school in Kensington. In 1972 he advanced to Heatherdown Preparatory School in Berkshire. From 1977 on, he was a student at Gordonstoun School in Scotland, where already his two brothers and his father were educated. <br /> <br /> Edward used to play rugby and squash, loved skiing and sailing, and took gliding lessons. <br /> <br /> He left Gordonstoun in 1982 and spent a gap year in Wanguri, New Zealand, where he worked as a house tutor at the Collegiate School. He taught English and History and supervised drama classes. <br /> <br /> After his return to England, Edward studied at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he graduated in 1986 with a degree in History. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Career and Public Role'''<br /> ----<br /> After leaving Cambridge, Edward joined the Royal Marines as a University Cadet. Already one year later, in 1987, he resigned in order to pursue a career in theatrical production. For ten years he ran his own business, Arden Productions, a television production company, with which he was also involved in documentaries about the Royal Family.<br /> <br /> Prior to the foundation of his own company, he worked for two theatrical production companies. One having been Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Theatre Company where he took care of the productions of Phantom of the Opera, Starlight Express and Cats. <br /> <br /> In 2002 he and his wife, [[Sophie Rhys-Jones]], announced to concentrate on their Royal duties and retired from working life. They started to focus on supporting organisations and charities, as well as individuals and companies.<br /> <br /> Nowadays the Earl acts in support of the Queen, which means that he travels a lot across Britain and the world. <br /> His main interests are young people, arts and sport. Organisations which support young people are of main importance to him.<br /> <br /> He is also associated with sporting bodies, he is Vice Patron of the Commonwealth Games Federation, and Patron of Badminton Scotland and Snowsport GB. <br /> <br /> <br /> '''Family Life'''<br /> ----<br /> In 1993 Edward met Sophie Rhys-Jones, while she was still working in Public Relations. Six years later, in 1999, they announced their engagement on January 6. Only a couple of month later, on 19 June 1999, they were married at St. George's Chapel, Windsor.<br /> <br /> Their first child, daughter Louise, was born on 8 November 2003. Her younger brother, Viscount Severn, was born 17 December 2007.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Honours and Appointments'''<br /> ----<br /> Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG)<br /> <br /> Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO)<br /> <br /> Before Edward became KCVO in 2003, he was appointed Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) in 1989.<br /> In 2006 he was appointed KG.<br /> <br /> He holds the Silver (1977) and Golden Jubilee (2002) medals and the New Zealand Commemorative Medal from 1990, in order to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Treaty of Waitangi and the formation of modern New Zealand.<br /> <br /> <br /> '''Sources'''<br /> ----<br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheEarlofWessex/The%20Earl%20of%20Wessex.aspx]<br /> <br /> [http://www.britroyals.com/family.asp?id=edward]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Sophie_Rhys-Jones&diff=4893 2010-05-24T17:08:18Z

<p>NiLu: /* Family */</p> <hr /> <div>Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married [[Prince Edward]], Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> Sophie Rhys-Jones is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Rhys-Jones. Together with her parents and older brother David she moved to Kent where she was raised and educated.<br /> <br /> After Dulwich College Preparatory School in Cranbrook she moved on to Kent College School for Girls in Pembury before entering West Kent College.<br /> At school she was a keen sports woman, enjoying netball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics and swimming. She also loved ballet and amateur dramatics.<br /> <br /> After school she began her career in public relations.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After working for a number of firms in the field of public relations, she founded her own PR agency, RJH Public Relations, together with a business partner in 1996.<br /> Three years after her marriage to Prince Edward she withdrew from work in order to support her husband and to represent her own charities.<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Sophie and Edward have two children. Their daughter [[Lady Louise Windsor]] was born prematurely on the 8 November 2003 and their son [[James Viscount Severn]] on 17 December 2007. In 2001 Sophie had a life-threatening ectopic pregnancy.<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheCountessofWessex]<br /> [http://britroyals.com/family]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Sophie_Rhys-Jones&diff=4892 2010-05-24T17:07:36Z

<p>NiLu: /* Career */</p> <hr /> <div>Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married [[Prince Edward]], Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> Sophie Rhys-Jones is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Rhys-Jones. Together with her parents and older brother David she moved to Kent where she was raised and educated.<br /> <br /> After Dulwich College Preparatory School in Cranbrook she moved on to Kent College School for Girls in Pembury before entering West Kent College.<br /> At school she was a keen sports woman, enjoying netball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics and swimming. She also loved ballet and amateur dramatics.<br /> <br /> After school she began her career in public relations.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After working for a number of firms in the field of public relations, she founded her own PR agency, RJH Public Relations, together with a business partner in 1996.<br /> Three years after her marriage to Prince Edward she withdrew from work in order to support her husband and to represent her own charities.<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Sophie and Edward have two children. Their daughter [[Lady Louise Windsor]] was born prematurely on the 8 November 2003 and their son [[James Viscount Severn]] on 17 December 2007. In 2001 Sophie had a life-threatening ectopic pregnagncy.<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheCountessofWessex]<br /> [http://britroyals.com/family]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Sophie_Rhys-Jones&diff=4891 2010-05-24T17:07:05Z

<p>NiLu: /* Family */</p> <hr /> <div>Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married [[Prince Edward]], Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> Sophie Rhys-Jones is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Rhys-Jones. Together with her parents and older brother David she moved to Kent where she was raised and educated.<br /> <br /> After Dulwich College Preparatory School in Cranbrook she moved on to Kent College School for Girls in Pembury before entering West Kent College.<br /> At school she was a keen sports woman, enjoying netball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics and swimming. She also loved ballet and amateur dramatics.<br /> <br /> After school she began her career in public relations.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After working for a number of firms in the field of public relations, sh<br /> e founded her own PR agency, RJH Public Relations, together with a business partner in 1996.<br /> Three years after her marriage to Prince Edward she withdrew from work in order to support her husband and to represent her own charities.<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Sophie and Edward have two children. Their daughter [[Lady Louise Windsor]] was born prematurely on the 8 November 2003 and their son [[James Viscount Severn]] on 17 December 2007. In 2001 Sophie had a life-threatening ectopic pregnagncy.<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheCountessofWessex]<br /> [http://britroyals.com/family]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Sophie_Rhys-Jones&diff=4890 2010-05-24T17:06:55Z

<p>NiLu: /* Career */</p> <hr /> <div>Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married [[Prince Edward]], Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> Sophie Rhys-Jones is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Rhys-Jones. Together with her parents and older brother David she moved to Kent where she was raised and educated.<br /> <br /> After Dulwich College Preparatory School in Cranbrook she moved on to Kent College School for Girls in Pembury before entering West Kent College.<br /> At school she was a keen sports woman, enjoying netball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics and swimming. She also loved ballet and amateur dramatics.<br /> <br /> After school she began her career in public relations.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After working for a number of firms in the field of public relations, sh<br /> e founded her own PR agency, RJH Public Relations, together with a business partner in 1996.<br /> Three years after her marriage to Prince Edward she withdrew from work in order to support her husband and to represent her own charities.<br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Sophie and Edward have two children. Their daughter [[Lady Louise Windsor]] was born prematurely on the 8 November 2003 and their son [[James Viscount Severn]] on 17 December 2007. In 2001 Sophie had a life-threatening ectopic pregnagncy.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheCountessofWessex]<br /> [http://britroyals.com/family]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Sophie_Rhys-Jones&diff=4889 2010-05-24T17:06:45Z

<p>NiLu: /* Early life and education */</p> <hr /> <div>Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married [[Prince Edward]], Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> Sophie Rhys-Jones is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Rhys-Jones. Together with her parents and older brother David she moved to Kent where she was raised and educated.<br /> <br /> After Dulwich College Preparatory School in Cranbrook she moved on to Kent College School for Girls in Pembury before entering West Kent College.<br /> At school she was a keen sports woman, enjoying netball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics and swimming. She also loved ballet and amateur dramatics.<br /> <br /> After school she began her career in public relations.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After working for a number of firms in the field of public relations, sh<br /> e founded her own PR agency, RJH Public Relations, together with a business partner in 1996.<br /> Three years after her marriage to Prince Edward she withdrew from work in order to support her husband and to represent her own charities.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Sophie and Edward have two children. Their daughter [[Lady Louise Windsor]] was born prematurely on the 8 November 2003 and their son [[James Viscount Severn]] on 17 December 2007. In 2001 Sophie had a life-threatening ectopic pregnagncy.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheCountessofWessex]<br /> [http://britroyals.com/family]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Sophie_Rhys-Jones&diff=4888 2010-05-24T17:04:41Z

<p>NiLu: /* Early life and education */</p> <hr /> <div>Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married [[Prince Edward]], Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> Sophie Rhys-Jones is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Rhys-Jones. Together with her parents and older brother David she moved to Kent where she was raised and educated.<br /> <br /> After Dulwich College Preparatory School in Cranbrook she moved on to Kent College School for Girls in Pembury before entering West Kent College.<br /> At school she was a keen sports woman, enjoying netball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics and swimming. She also loved ballet and amateur dramatics.<br /> <br /> After school she began her career in public relations.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After working for a number of firms in the field of public relations, sh<br /> e founded her own PR agency, RJH Public Relations, together with a business partner in 1996.<br /> Three years after her marriage to Prince Edward she withdrew from work in order to support her husband and to represent her own charities.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Sophie and Edward have two children. Their daughter [[Lady Louise Windsor]] was born prematurely on the 8 November 2003 and their son [[James Viscount Severn]] on 17 December 2007. In 2001 Sophie had a life-threatening ectopic pregnagncy.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheCountessofWessex]<br /> [http://britroyals.com/family]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Sophie_Rhys-Jones&diff=4887 2010-05-24T17:03:51Z

<p>NiLu: Created page with &#039;Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[E…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>Sophie Helen Rhys-Jones, born 20 January 1965 in Oxford, married [[Prince Edward]], Earl of Wessex, in 1999 and became Countess of Wessex. She is the daughter-in-law of Queen [[Elizabeth II]].<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> <br /> She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Rhys-Jones. Together with her parents and older brother David she moved to Kent where she was raised and educated.<br /> <br /> After Dulwich College Preparatory School in Cranbrook she moved on to Kent College School for Girls in Pembury before entering West Kent College.<br /> At school she was a keen sports woman, enjoying netball, hockey, athletics, gymnastics and swimming. She also loved ballet and amateur dramatics.<br /> <br /> After school she began her career in public relations.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> After working for a number of firms in the field of public relations, sh<br /> e founded her own PR agency, RJH Public Relations, together with a business partner in 1996.<br /> Three years after her marriage to Prince Edward she withdrew from work in order to support her husband and to represent her own charities.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Family ==<br /> <br /> <br /> Sophie and Edward have two children. Their daughter [[Lady Louise Windsor]] was born prematurely on the 8 November 2003 and their son [[James Viscount Severn]] on 17 December 2007. In 2001 Sophie had a life-threatening ectopic pregnagncy.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> <br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> <br /> [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheCountessofWessex]<br /> [http://britroyals.com/family]</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&diff=4433 2010-04-28T18:18:27Z

<p>NiLu: /* Negotiations */</p> <hr /> <div>October 25th, St. Crispin's Day, 1415 <br /> <br /> == Negotiations ==<br /> When king [[Henry V]] of England entered into negotiations with France in about 1413/14, he insisted on king [[Edward III]]’s (his great-grandfather) claim to the French crown. The French ambassador was presented with demands which [[Charles VI]], the king of France, could not grant without losing the independence of his country. One of the points they could agree on, however, was that Henry was to marry [[Catherine of Valois]], Charles’s daughter.<br /> <br /> == Tennis Balls ==<br /> Henry is said to have been personally insulted when the Dauphin of France sent a box full of tennis balls to him, together with a message saying that „such things were more adapt to his capacity and disposition then the implements of war“ . Charles and his advisers agreed on calming Henry down and tried to expedite negotiations, but the Dauphin thwarted their plans.<br /> There is no proof that the incident really happened, but as many contemporary writers mentioned it in their works, we can assume that it did happen. <br /> <br /> == The Battle ==<br /> This bloody battle took place about halfway through the 100 years war between England and France. According to Nicolas, the English army consisted of 2.500 men-at-arms, 4.000 horse archers, and 1.000 people of different descriptions, but it can be assumed that each noble man travelled with a number of servants and so forth, so the actual size must have been nearly 30.000 people. <br /> <br /> [[Henry V]] occupied Harfleur and planned to continue his campaign by marching towards Calais, overrunning eastern Normandy, Ponthieu and western Picardy. But the River Somme posed a problem. Henry and his troops had to march along the riverside further than expected in order to find a watersplash, because many bridges were destroyed by the French. <br /> <br /> French troops, infinitely superior in numbers, came from Bapaume and Péronne to prevent the English from pulling back to the north. By ill luck, for the French, they met at Agincourt. The battle field was surrounded by thick forest and the frontline measured only 1.000 yards. Although the French outnumbered the English, they lost their advantage due to these circumstances. <br /> <br /> When the French cavalry attacked, they were shut down by the infamous English archers. Three hours later, the battle came to a disastrous end for the French. The battle field was blood-soaked and constable d’Albret himself, 12 members of the French aristocracy, about 1.500 knights and 4.500 armed men were killed. English losses are not worth to be mentioned (cf. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''). <br /> <br /> <br /> == Watch on Youtube ==<br /> * ''The Battle of Agincourt'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i80HZQjEFu8]<br /> * ''History of Agincourt'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGrUQ0A1gTo&amp;feature=related]<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> <br /> * ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', Volume 1(1994).<br /> * Nicolas, Harris. ''History of the Battle of Agincourt'' (London: H.Pordes, 1971)</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&diff=4399 2010-04-28T07:31:49Z

<p>NiLu: /* The Battle of Agincourt */</p> <hr /> <div>== '''The Battle of Agincourt''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> October 25th, St. Crispin's Day, 1415 <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Negotiations'''<br /> <br /> When king Henry V of England entered into negotiations with France in about 1413/14, he insisted on king Edward III’s (his great-grandfather) claim to the French crown. The French ambassador was presented with demands which Charles VI, the king of France, could not grant without losing the independence of his country. One of the points they could agree on, however, was that Henry was to marry Catherine of Valois, Charles’s daughter.<br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Tennis Balls'''<br /> <br /> Henry is said to have been personally insulted when the Dauphin of France sent a box full of tennis balls to him, together with a message saying that „such things were more adapt to his capacity and disposition then the implements of war“ . Charles and his advisers agreed on calming Henry down and tried to expedite negotiations, but the Dauphin thwarted their plans.<br /> There is no proof that the incident really happened, but as many contemporary writers mentioned it in their works, we can assume that it did happen. <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''The Battle'''<br /> <br /> This bloody battle took place about halfway through the 100 years war between England and France. According to Nicolas, the English army consisted of 2.500 men-at-arms, 4.000 horse archers, and 1.000 people of different descriptions, but it can be assumed that each noble man travelled with a number of servants and so forth, so the actual size must have been nearly 30.000 people. <br /> <br /> [[Henry V]] occupied Harfleur and planned to continue his campaign by marching towards Calais, overrunning eastern Normandy, Ponthieu and western Picardy. But the River Somme posed a problem. Henry and his troops had to march along the riverside further than expected in order to find a watersplash, because many bridges were destroyed by the French. <br /> <br /> French troops, infinitely superior in numbers, came from Bapaume and Péronne to prevent the English from pulling back to the north. By ill luck, for the French, they met at Agincourt. The battle field was surrounded by thick forest and the frontline measured only 1.000 yards. Although the French outnumbered the English, they lost their advantage due to these circumstances. <br /> <br /> When the French cavalry attacked, they were shut down by the infamous English archers. Three hours later, the battle came to a disastrous end for the French. The battle field was blood-soaked and constable d’Albret himself, 12 members of the French aristocracy, about 1.500 knights and 4.500 armed men were killed. English losses are not worth to be mentioned (cf. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''). <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Watch on Youtube:'''<br /> <br /> ''The Battle of Agincourt'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i80HZQjEFu8]<br /> <br /> ''History of Agincourt'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGrUQ0A1gTo&amp;feature=related]<br /> ----<br /> '''Sources:'''<br /> <br /> ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', Volume 1(1994).<br /> <br /> Nicolas, Harris. ''History of the Battle of Agincourt'' (London: H.Pordes, 1971)</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&diff=4398 2010-04-28T07:23:03Z

<p>NiLu: /* The Battle of Agincourt */</p> <hr /> <div>== '''The Battle of Agincourt''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> October 25th, St. Crispin's Day, 1415 <br /> <br /> This bloody battle took place about halfway through the 100 years war between England and France. According to Nicolas, the English army consisted of 2.500 men-at-arms, 4.000 horse archers, and 1.000 people of different descriptions, but it can be assumed that each noble man travelled with a number of servants and so forth, so the actual size must have been nearly 30.000 people. <br /> <br /> [[Henry V]] occupied Harfleur and planned to continue his campaign by marching towards Calais, overrunning eastern Normandy, Ponthieu and western Picardy. But the River Somme posed a problem. Henry and his troops had to march along the riverside further than expected in order to find a watersplash, because many bridges were destroyed by the French. <br /> <br /> French troops, infinitely superior in numbers, came from Bapaume and Péronne to prevent the English from pulling back to the north. By ill luck, for the French, they met at Agincourt. The battle field was surrounded by thick forest and the frontline measured only 1.000 yards. Although the French outnumbered the English, they lost their advantage due to these circumstances. <br /> <br /> When the French cavalry attacked, they were shut down by the infamous English archers. Three hours later, the battle came to a disastrous end for the French. The battle field was blood-soaked and constable d’Albret himself, 12 members of the French aristocracy, about 1.500 knights and 4.500 armed men were killed. English losses are not worth to be mentioned (cf. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''). <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Watch on Youtube:'''<br /> <br /> ''The Battle of Agincourt'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i80HZQjEFu8]<br /> <br /> ''History of Agincourt'' [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGrUQ0A1gTo&amp;feature=related]<br /> ----<br /> '''Sources:'''<br /> <br /> ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', Volume 1(1994).<br /> <br /> Nicolas, Harris. ''History of the Battle of Agincourt'' (London: H.Pordes, 1971)</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&diff=4397 2010-04-28T07:18:15Z

<p>NiLu: /* The Battle of Agincourt */</p> <hr /> <div>== '''The Battle of Agincourt''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> October 25th, St. Crispin's Day, 1415 <br /> <br /> This bloody battle took place about halfway through the 100 years war between England and France. According to Nicolas, the English army consisted of 2.500 men-at-arms, 4.000 horse archers, and 1.000 people of different descriptions, but it can be assumed that each noble man travelled with a number of servants and so forth, so the actual size must have been nearly 30.000 people. <br /> <br /> [[Henry V]] occupied Harfleur and planned to continue his campaign by marching towards Calais, overrunning eastern Normandy, Ponthieu and western Picardy. But the River Somme posed a problem. Henry and his troops had to march along the riverside further than expected in order to find a watersplash, because many bridges were destroyed by the French. <br /> <br /> French troops, infinitely superior in numbers, came from Bapaume and Péronne to prevent the English from pulling back to the north. By ill luck, for the French, they met at Agincourt. The battle field was surrounded by thick forest and the frontline measured only 1.000 yards. Although the French outnumbered the English, they lost their advantage due to these circumstances. <br /> <br /> When the French cavalry attacked, they were shut down by the infamous English archers. Three hours later, the battle came to a disastrous end for the French. The battle field was blood-soaked and constable d’Albret himself, 12 members of the French aristocracy, about 1.500 knights and 4.500 armed men were killed. English losses are not worth to be mentioned (cf. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''). <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Watch on Youtube:'''<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i80HZQjEFu8]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGrUQ0A1gTo&amp;feature=related]<br /> ----<br /> '''Sources:'''<br /> <br /> ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', Volume 1(1994).<br /> <br /> Nicolas, Harris. ''History of the Battle of Agincourt'' (London: H.Pordes, 1971)</div>

NiLu https://el.rub.de/wiki/Brit-Cult/index.php?title=Battle_of_Agincourt&diff=4396 2010-04-28T07:10:13Z

<p>NiLu: Created page with &#039;== &#039;&#039;&#039;The Battle of Agincourt&#039;&#039;&#039; == ---- October 25th 1415, St. Crispin&#039;s Day This bloody battle took place about halfway through the 100 years war between England and Fra…&#039;</p> <hr /> <div>== '''The Battle of Agincourt''' ==<br /> <br /> ----<br /> October 25th 1415, St. Crispin's Day<br /> <br /> This bloody battle took place about halfway through the 100 years war between England and France. According to Nicolas, the English army consisted of 2.500 men-at-arms, 4.000 horse archers, and 1.000 people of different descriptions, but it can be assumed that each noble man travelled with a number of servants and so forth, so the actual size must have been nearly 30.000 people. <br /> [[Henry V]] occupied Harfleur and planned to continue his campaign by marching towards Calais, overrunning eastern Normandy, Ponthieu and western Picardy. But the River Somme posed a problem. Henry and his troops had to march along the riverside further than expected in order to find a watersplash, because many bridges were destroyed by the French.<br /> French troops,as Nicolas states infinitely superior in numbers, came from Bapaume and Péronne to prevent the English from pulling back to the north. By ill luck, for the French, they met at Agincourt. The battle field was surrounded by thick forest and the frontline measured only 1.000 yards. Although the French outnumbered the English, they lost their advantage due to these circumstances. <br /> When the French cavalry attacked, they were shut down by the infamous English archers. Three hours later, the battle came to a disastrous end for the French. The battle field was blood-soaked and constable d’Albret himself, 12 members of the French aristocracy, about 1.500 knights and 4.500 armed men were killed. English losses are not worth to be mentioned (cf. ''Encyclopaedia Britannica''). <br /> <br /> ----<br /> '''Watch on Youtube:'''<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i80HZQjEFu8]<br /> <br /> [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGrUQ0A1gTo&amp;feature=related]<br /> ----<br /> '''Sources:'''<br /> <br /> ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'', Volume 1(1994).<br /> <br /> Nicolas, Harris. ''History of the Battle of Agincourt'' (London: H.Pordes, 1971)</div>

NiLu