British Culture - User contributions [en]

William Wordsworth

2024-01-02T19:14:15Z

Neele Heu:

1770-1850, English poet of the early Romantic movement. [[Poet Laureate]].

Life:

William Wordsworth was born in Cockermouth (England). He was the second of five children. William's sister Dorothy was born a year after him and was a poet and diarist. The two were very close and Dorothy plays an important role in some of William's works. As William's father travelled a lot, he was not very close to him. His relationship with his mother was better.

Wordsworth first went to a school in Cockermouth, after which he attended a school in Penrith. After his mother died, his father sent him to Hawkshead Grammar School in Lancashire. His sister Dorothy was sent elsewhere, which is why William and Dorothy did not see each other for nine years. In 1787, Wordsworth attended St John's College in Cambridge. He received his BA degree in 1791.

In 1792 he met a French woman called Annette Vallon, with whom he also fell in love. Their daughter Caroline was born in 1792. Due to the strained relations between Great Britain and France, Annette and William did not marry. He later married Mary Hutchinson.

William Wordsworth collaborated with Samuel Taylor Coleridge on the famous collection of poems "Lyrical Ballads" (1798). His poetry is characterised by a deep connection with nature. Themes such as memory, childhood and the influences of the natural environment are often dealt with in his works. He believed in the transformative power of nature and sought to capture the emotional and spiritual impact of the natural world on the human soul.

Works:

- I Wandered Lonely As a Cloud

- The Solitary Reaper

- Expostulation and Reply

- The Tables Turned

- To the Cuckoo

- To a Butterfly

- There was a Boy

- Three Years She Grew in Sun and Shower

- The World Is Too Much With Us

- It Is a Beauteous Evening, Calm and Free

- The Simplon Pass

- Goody Blake and Harry Gill

- London, 1802

- England! The Time Is Come

Sources:

Borgmeier, R. (2004). Wordsworth, William. In: Engler, B., Kreutzer, E., Müller, K., Nünning, A. (eds) Englischsprachige Autoren. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-02951-5_112

Kohl, S. (2015). William Wordsworth. In: Kindler Kompakt: Englische Literatur, 19. Jahrhundert. J.B. Metzler, Stuttgart. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-476-05527-9_6

https://internetpoem.com/william-wordsworth/biography/
[[Category:Expansion]]

Anne Bracegirdle

2023-01-14T17:04:00Z

Neele Heu:

Born c. 1671 and died 1748 in London, England. The original Millamant and famous [[Restoration]] [[actresses|actress]].

'''Life'''

Anne Bracegirlde was the third surviving daughter of Martha (née Furniss) and Justinian Bracegirlde. Her siblings were named Frances, Martha, Hamlet and John. According to the gravestone in Westminster Abbey, Bracegirdle lived to be eighty-five years old. However, this does not correspond with the year of her birth and death, so it can be said that she only lived to be seventy-seven. (cf. Milling)
Furthermore, it is known about Bracegirdle that she came into the care of Thomas Betterton and his wife as a young girl. (cf. Milling)
“Bracegirlde studied acting with Thomas Betterton, her guardian, and appeared on the stage as early as six years of age” (Britannica).
Bracegirdle was said to have married the English poet and playwright William Congreve, but there is no verifiable evidence of this. (cf. Britannica)

'''Career'''

In 1688 Anne Bracegirdle came to prominence in the London theatre. She played Lucia in Thomas Shadwell’s ''The Squire of Alsatia''. (cf. Britannica) Performance records show that Bracegirdle took part in the United Company as a child and played the page in ''The Orphan'' by Thomas Otways. Furthermore, in 1688 she appeared in supporting roles such as Atelina in William Mountford’s ''The Injured Lovers'' and Emmeline in Dryden’s ''King Arthur''. This was followed by leading roles in which she played heroines in comedies or even a trouser role in Aphra Behn’s ''The Widow Ranter''. (cf. Milling)

Other characters she played were:
* Marcelia in George Powell’s ''The Treacherous Brothers''
* Biancha in Mountfort’s ''The Successfull Strangers''
* Statira in Nathaniel Lee’s ''The Rival Queens''
* Lady Anne in ''Richard III.''
* Desdemona in ''Othello''
* Millamant in Congreve’s ''The Way of the World''
* Isabella in Gildon’s ''Measure for Measure''
* Bellinda in Vanbrugh’s ''The Provoked Wife''
* Almeria in Congreve’s ''The Morning Bride''
(cf. Milling)

As Anne Bracegirdle was also a talented singer, she also sang in several stage plays. (cf. Britannica)

'''Literature'''

Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Anne Bracegirdle”. ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', 1 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Anne-Bracegirdle. Accessed 14 January 2023.

Milling, J. “Bracegirdle, Anne (bap. 1671, d. 1748), actress and singer.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 17. Oxford University Press. Date of access 14 Jan. 2023, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-3156.

Restoration Literature

2023-01-10T15:54:18Z

Neele Heu: Created page with " <big>'''Restoration Literature'''</big> Restoration Literature is an epoch of literature written during the period of the English Restoration (1660-1689). The English monarchy was restored in 1660 under Charles II. However, not everyone supported this restoration of the monarchy and some people opposed it. A split between royalists and republicans emerged. These divisions and opinions are reflected in the literature and its characteristics. Themes such as religion a..."

<big>'''Restoration Literature'''</big>

Restoration Literature is an epoch of literature written during the period of the English Restoration (1660-1689). The English monarchy was restored in 1660 under Charles II. However, not everyone supported this restoration of the monarchy and some people opposed it. A split between royalists and republicans emerged. These divisions and opinions are reflected in the literature and its characteristics.

Themes such as religion and faith (conflicts between Catholicism and Protestantism), criticism of the times, criticism and counter-criticism of royalists and republicans, politics, social life, humanity and its weaknesses, science and modernisation comprise Restoration Literature.

Restoration Literature turned away from the artistic and anthropocentric features of the Renaissance. It reflects social behaviours of the time. Other characteristics of Restoration Literature are:

* Moral indifference
* Revival of neo-classical Roman and Greek writing styles (epic and lyric poetry and drama, comedy, tragedy)
* Reference to the Bible
* Satire
* Justification of monarchy or republic as a theme
* Restoration of the monarchy
* Rejection of Puritanism
* Revival of theatre and French literature.

Satire in particular became the “medium of serious and open protest against real or supposed erroneous developments in politics and society“ (Fabian, Bernhard and Weiß 91).

Well-known writers of the Restoration are Edward Hyde, John Dryden, Andrew Marvell, John Wilmot, Samuel Pepys, Aphra Behn, John Bunyan and Richard Baxter. Important works from the period are:
* “The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England“ by Edward Hyde.
* “Pilgram's Progress“ by John Bunyan
* “The Diary of Samuel Pepys“ by Samuel Pepys.

Fabian, Bernhard, and Wolfgang Weiß. “Die Englische Literatur.” Open Access LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 1 Jan. 1991, https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5298/.

Harol, Corrinne. “1688: Literature, Politics, and the Long Restoration.” Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700, vol. 39, no. 1/2, 2015, pp. 5–16. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43664701. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Restoration Literature.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998, https://www.britannica.com/art/Restoration-literature.

User:Neele Heu

2023-01-10T15:52:26Z

Neele Heu:

User:Neele Heu

2023-01-10T15:47:02Z

Neele Heu:

User:Neele Heu

2023-01-10T15:46:18Z

Neele Heu:

'''Restoration Literature'''

Restoration Literature is an epoch of literature written during the period of the English Restoration (1660-1689). The English monarchy was restored in 1660 under Charles II. However, not everyone supported this restoration of the monarchy and some people opposed it. A split between royalists and republicans emerged. These divisions and opinions are reflected in the literature and its characteristics.

Themes such as religion and faith (conflicts between Catholicism and Protestantism), criticism of the times, criticism and counter-criticism of royalists and republicans, politics, social life, humanity and its weaknesses, science and modernisation comprise Restoration Literature.

Restoration Literature turned away from the artistic and anthropocentric features of the Renaissance. It reflects social behaviours of the time. Other characteristics of Restoration Literature are:

* Moral indifference
* Revival of neo-classical Roman and Greek writing styles (epic and lyric poetry and drama, comedy, tragedy)
* Reference to the Bible
* Satire
* Justification of monarchy or republic as a theme
* Restoration of the monarchy
* Rejection of Puritanism
* Revival of theatre and French literature.

Satire in particular became the “medium of serious and open protest against real or supposed erroneous developments in politics and society“ (Fabian, Bernhard and Weiß 91).

Well-known writers of the Restoration are Edward Hyde, John Dryden, Andrew Marvell, John Wilmot, Samuel Pepys, Aphra Behn, John Bunyan and Richard Baxter. Important works from the period are:
* “The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England“ by Edward Hyde.
* “Pilgram's Progress“ by John Bunyan
* “The Diary of Samuel Pepys“ by Samuel Pepys.

Fabian, Bernhard, and Wolfgang Weiß. “Die Englische Literatur.” Open Access LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 1 Jan. 1991, https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5298/.

Harol, Corrinne. “1688: Literature, Politics, and the Long Restoration.” Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700, vol. 39, no. 1/2, 2015, pp. 5–16. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43664701. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Restoration Literature.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998, https://www.britannica.com/art/Restoration-literature.

User:Neele Heu

2023-01-10T15:38:42Z

Neele Heu: Created page with "Restoration Literature Restoration Literature is an epoch of literature written during the period of the English Restoration (1660-1689). The English monarchy was restored in 1660 under Charles II. However, not everyone supported this restoration of the monarchy and some people opposed it. A split between royalists and republicans emerged. These divisions and opinions are reflected in the literature and its characteristics. Themes such as religion and faith (conflicts..."

Restoration Literature

Restoration Literature is an epoch of literature written during the period of the English Restoration (1660-1689). The English monarchy was restored in 1660 under Charles II. However, not everyone supported this restoration of the monarchy and some people opposed it. A split between royalists and republicans emerged. These divisions and opinions are reflected in the literature and its characteristics.

Themes such as religion and faith (conflicts between Catholicism and Protestantism), criticism of the times, criticism and counter-criticism of royalists and republicans, politics, social life, humanity and its weaknesses, science and modernisation comprise Restoration Literature.

Restoration Literature turned away from the artistic and anthropocentric features of the Renaissance. It reflects social behaviours of the time. Other characteristics of Restoration Literature are:
• Moral indifference
• Revival of neo-classical Roman and Greek writing styles (epic and lyric poetry and drama, comedy, tragedy)
• Reference to the Bible
• Satire
• Justification of monarchy or republic as a theme
• Restoration of the monarchy
• Rejection of Puritanism
• Revival of theatre and French literature.

Satire in particular became the “medium of serious and open protest against real or supposed erroneous developments in politics and society“ (Fabian, Bernhard and Weiß 91).

Well-known writers of the Restoration are Edward Hyde, John Dryden, Andrew Marvell, John Wilmot, Samuel Pepys, Aphra Behn, John Bunyan and Richard Baxter. Important works from the period are:
• “The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England“ by Edward Hyde.
• “Pilgram's Progress“ by John Bunyan
• “The Diary of Samuel Pepys“ by Samuel Pepys.

Fabian, Bernhard, and Wolfgang Weiß. “Die Englische Literatur.” Open Access LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 1 Jan. 1991, https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/5298/.

Harol, Corrinne. “1688: Literature, Politics, and the Long Restoration.” Restoration: Studies in English Literary Culture, 1660-1700, vol. 39, no. 1/2, 2015, pp. 5–16. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/43664701. Accessed 10 Jan. 2023.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. “Restoration Literature.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998, https://www.britannica.com/art/Restoration-literature.