British Culture - User contributions [en]

Roger Fry

2012-01-02T12:50:23Z

LisaB:

'''Roger Eliot Fry'''

1866- 1934, art critic and painter.

Roger Eliot Fry is considered one of the most influential art historians and critics of his generation and he is best remembered as advocate of modern art.

Fry was born in London on 14 December 1866. He attended Kings College in Cambridge, where he studied for a Natural Science degree. After university, he then chose the career of an artist. He spent time in London, Paris and Italy. Fry married the artist Helen Coombe in 1896; they had two children (Pamela and Julian).

Fry was not a good painter, but was exceptionally talented in writing criticism and holding lectures. He was mainly interested in Post-Impressionism. He “favoured the expressive arrangement of form over the creation of a realistic illusion” (ODNB 2011).
Besides lecturing, Fry also wrote articles on modern art, which were published in magazines such as Monthly Review, The Athenaeum, the Burlington Magazine and others. This way he soon acquired international reputation. Between 1906 and 1910, Fry was curator of paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Fry’s reputation also rests on two influential exhibitions of Post-Impressionist paintings, which he organized at the Grafton Galleries in 1910 and in 1912. The exhibitions included works by Cézanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Matisse and Picasso. By bringing these works to England, Fry hoped to awake public interest in contemporary art.

In 1913, Fry founded the so called Omega Workshops (art venture), where many famous artists such as Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant took part in. He also was one of the key members of the Bloomsbury group.

The last years of his life, Fry spent on writing and lecturing, painting and travelling. He also composed his most influential work “Vision and Design” (1920). Other famous works are “Transformations” (1926), “Cézanne” (1927) and “Henri Matisse” (1930). Fry also made a series of BBC broadcasts (1929-1934).In 1933, Fry was awarded the Cambridge Slade professorship.

Fry died in London on 9 September 1934.

'''Sources'''

Bruneau, Anne-Pascale. “Fry, Roger Eliot (1866–1934)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2004. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33285>.

Chilvers, Ian. "Fry, Roger". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 20 Dec 2011.<http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O3-FryRoger.html>.

"Roger Fry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. 20 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221169/Roger-Fry>.

"Roger, Fry“. Tate Online. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.tate.org.uk/archivejourneys/bloomsburyhtml/bio_fry.htm>.

Roger Fry

2012-01-02T12:47:13Z

LisaB:

'''Roger Eliot Fry'''

1866- 1934, art critic and painter.

Roger Eliot Fry is considered one of the most influential art historians and critics of his generation and he is best remembered as advocate of modern art.

Fry was born in London on 14 December 1866. He attended Kings College in Cambridge, where he studied for a Natural Science degree. After university, he then chose the career of an artist. He spent time in London, Paris and Italy. Fry married the artist Helen Coombe in 1896; they had two children (Pamela and Julian).

Fry was not a good painter, but was exceptionally talented in writing criticism and holding lectures. He was mainly interested in Post-Impressionism. He “favoured the expressive arrangement of form over the creation of a realistic illusion” (ODNB 2011).
Besides lecturing, Fry also wrote articles on modern art, which were published in magazines such as Monthly Review, The Athenaeum, the Burlington Magazine and others. This way he soon acquired international reputation. Between 1906 and 1910, Fry was curator of paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Fry’s reputation also rests on two influential exhibitions of Post-Impressionist paintings, which he organized at the Grafton Galleries in 1910 and in 1912. The exhibitions included works by Cézanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Matisse and Picasso. By bringing these works to England, Fry hoped to awake public interest in modern art.

In 1913, Fry founded the so called Omega Workshops (art venture), where many famous artists such as Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant took part in. He also was one of the key members of the Bloomsbury group.

The last years of his life, Fry spent on writing and lecturing, painting and travelling. He also composed his most influential work “Vision and Design” (1920). Other famous works are “Transformations” (1926), “Cézanne” (1927) and “Henri Matisse” (1930). Fry also made a series of BBC broadcasts (1929-1934).In 1933, Fry was awarded the Cambridge Slade professorship.

Fry died in London on 9 September 1934.

'''Sources'''

Bruneau, Anne-Pascale. “Fry, Roger Eliot (1866–1934)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2004. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33285>.

Chilvers, Ian. "Fry, Roger". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 20 Dec 2011.<http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O3-FryRoger.html>.

"Roger Fry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. 20 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221169/Roger-Fry>.

"Roger, Fry“. Tate Online. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.tate.org.uk/archivejourneys/bloomsburyhtml/bio_fry.htm>.

Roger Fry

2012-01-02T12:46:45Z

LisaB:

'''Roger Eliot Fry'''

1866- 1934, art critic and painter.

Roger Eliot Fry is considered one of the most influential art historians and critics of his generation and he is best remembered as advocate of modern art.

Fry was born in London on 14 December 1866. He attended Kings College in Cambridge, where he studied for a Natural Science degree. After university, he then chose the career of an artist. He spent time in London, Paris and Italy. Fry married the artist Helen Coombe in 1896; they had two children (Pamela and Julian).

Fry was not a good painter, but was exceptionally talented in writing criticism and holding lectures. He was mainly interested in Post-Impressionism. He “favoured the expressive arrangement of form over the creation of a realistic illusion” (ODNB 2011).
Besides lecturing, Fry also wrote articles on modern art, which were published in magazines such as Monthly Review, The Athenaeum, the Burlington Magazine and others. This way he soon acquired international reputation. Between 1906 and 1910, Fry was curator of paintings at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.

Fry’s reputation also rests on two influential exhibitions of Post-Impressionist paintings, which he organized at the Grafton Galleries in 1910 and in 1912. The exhibitions included works by Cézanne, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Matisse and Picasso. By bringing these works to England, Fry hoped to awake public interest in modern art.

In 1913, Fry founded the so called Omega Workshops (art venture), where many famous artists such as Vanessa Bell and Duncan Grant took part in. He also was one of the key members of the Bloomsbury group.

The last years of his life, Fry spent on writing and lecturing, painting and travelling. He also composed his most influential work “Vision and Design” (1920). Other famous works are “Transformations” (1926), “Cézanne” (1927) and “Henri Matisse” (1930). Fry also made a series of BBC broadcasts (1929-1934).In 1933, Fry was awarded the Cambridge Slade professorship.

Fry died in London on 9 September 1934.

'''Sources'''
Bruneau, Anne-Pascale. “Fry, Roger Eliot (1866–1934)”. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2004. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/33285>.
Chilvers, Ian. "Fry, Roger". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Art and Artists. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 20 Dec 2011.<http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O3-FryRoger.html>.
"Roger Fry". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. 20 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/221169/Roger-Fry>.
"Roger, Fry“. Tate Online. 20 Dec 2011. <http://www.tate.org.uk/archivejourneys/bloomsburyhtml/bio_fry.htm>.

Roger Fry

2011-12-20T11:45:51Z

LisaB:

'''Roger Eliot Fry'''

1866- 1934, art critic and painter. Organised the post-impressionist exhibition in London in 1910, which was part of what [[Virginia Woolf]] considered a "change of the world".

'''Personal Life'''

'''Fry as art critic'''

W.B. Yeats

2011-12-06T22:03:08Z

LisaB:

'''William Butler Yeats'''

1865-1939, Irish poet and playwright

'''Early years and education'''

William Butler Yeats was born on 13 June 1865 in Dublin as the eldest son of John Butler Yeats, a well known Irish painter. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen, was the daughter of a wealthy merchant’s family. Yeats spent his early years in County Sligo (Western Ireland) and London, where he attended the Godolphin School in Hammersmith. His family moved back to Dublin in 1880, where Yeats then went to Erasmus Smith High School. In 1883, Yeats enrolled in the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin for two years. In 1887, his family moved back to London again. The same year, W.B. Yeats started writing his first poems.

'''Life and Career'''

In London W.B. Yeats became acquainted with many famous writers such as Oscar Wilde, William Morris, George Bernard Shaw and W.E. Henley.
Yeats became known as a Celtic poet who believed in a distinctive Irish, national culture. He drew from sources of Irish mythology and folklore and was fascinated by mysticism and occult. His early poems, such as "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" (1888) and "The Wind among the Reeds" (1899) demonstrate this.

In 1899, Yeats and his close friend and patron Lady Augusta Gregory founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later Abbey Theatre), which came to represent the centre of cultural renaissance in Dublin. The first play performed at the theatre was Yeats “The Countess Cathleen” (1899). In 1904, the Abbey Theatre opened. In the following years, Yeats put all his creative energy into theatre. Among Yeats most famous productions were “The Land of Heart’s Desire” (1894), “Cathleen ni Houlihan” (1902), “The Hour Glass”( 1903), “The King’s Treshold” (1904),”On Baile’s Strand” (1905) and “Deirdre” (1907).

Yeats international reputation is based on his late verse, written in the 1920s. His major achievements include “The Wild Swans at Coole” (1917), “Four Plays for Dancers” (1921), “The Tower” (1928), “The Winding Stair” (1929), and “Last Poems and Two Plays” (1940). W.B. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923.

In 1917, Yeats married Bertha Georgie Hyde-Lees and they had two children (Anna and William Michael).

During his life, Yeats was also interested and actively involved in politics and appointed senator of the Irish Free State in 1923 (he served for five years).

W.B. Yeats died on 28 January 1939 at the age of 73 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France.

'''Sources'''

Foster, R. F. "Yeats, William Butler (1865–1939)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37061>.

"William Butler Yeats - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 30 Nov 2011.<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1923/yeats.html>.

"William Butler Yeats". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652421/William-Butler-Yeats>.

W.B. Yeats

2011-12-06T22:00:18Z

LisaB:

'''William Butler Yeats'''

1865-1939, Irish poet and playwright

'''Early years and education'''

William Butler Yeats was born on 13 June 1865 in Dublin as the eldest son of John Butler Yeats, a well known Irish painter. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen was the daughter of a wealthy merchant’s family. Yeats spent his early years in County Sligo (Western Ireland) and London, where he attended the Godolphin School in Hammersmith. His family moved back to Dublin in 1880, where Yeats then went to Erasmus Smith High School. In 1883, Yeats enrolled in the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin for two years. In 1887, his family moved back to London again. The same year, W.B. Yeats started writing his first poems.

'''Life and Career'''

In London W.B. Yeats became acquainted with many famous writers such as Oscar Wilde, William Morris, George Bernard Shaw and W.E. Henley.
Yeats became known as a Celtic poet who believed in a distinctive Irish, national culture. He drew from sources of Irish mythology and folklore and was fascinated by mysticism and occult. His early poems, such as "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" (1888) and "The Wind among the Reeds" (1899) demonstrate this.

In 1899, Yeats and his close friend and patron Lady Augusta Gregory founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later Abbey Theatre), which came to represent the centre of cultural renaissance in Dublin. The first play performed at the theatre was Yeats “The Countess Cathleen” (1899). In 1904, the Abbey Theatre opened. In the following years Yeats put all his creative energy into theatre. Among Yeats most famous productions were “The Land of Heart’s Desire” (1894), “Cathleen ni Houlihan” (1902), “The Hour Glass”( 1903), “The King’s Treshold” (1904),”On Baile’s Strand” (1905) and “Deirdre” (1907).

Yeats international reputation is based on his late verse, written in the 1920s. His major achievements include “The Wild Swans at Coole” (1917), “Four Plays for Dancers” (1921), “The Tower” (1928), “The Winding Stair” (1929), and “Last Poems and Two Plays” (1940). W.B. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923.

In 1917, Yeats married Bertha Georgie Hyde-Lees and they had two children (Anna and William Michael).

During his life, Yeats was also interested and actively involved in politics and appointed senator of the Irish Free State in 1923 (he served for five years).

W.B. Yeats died on 28 January 1939 at the age of 73 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France.

'''Sources'''

Foster, R. F. "Yeats, William Butler (1865–1939)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37061>.

"William Butler Yeats - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 30 Nov 2011.<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1923/yeats.html>.

"William Butler Yeats". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652421/William-Butler-Yeats>.

W.B. Yeats

2011-12-06T21:59:18Z

LisaB:

'''William Butler Yeats'''

1865-1939, Irish poet and playwright

'''Early years and education'''

William Butler Yeats was born on 13 June 1865 in Dublin as the eldest son of John Butler Yeats, a well known Irish painter. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen was the daughter of a wealthy merchant’s family. Yeats spent his early years in County Sligo (Western Ireland) and London, where he attended the Godolphin School in Hammersmith. His family moved back to Dublin in 1880, where Yeats then went to Erasmus Smith High School. In 1883, Yeats enrolled in the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin for two years. In 1887, his family moved back to London again. The same year, W.B. Yeats started writing his first poems.

'''Life and Career'''

In London W.B. Yeats became acquainted with many famous writers such as Oscar Wilde, William Morris, George Bernard Shaw and W.E. Henley.
Yeats became known as a Celtic poet who believed in a distinctive Irish, national culture. He drew from sources of Irish mythology and folklore and was fascinated by mysticism and occult. His early poems, such as "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" (1888) and "The Wind among the Reeds" (1899) demonstrate this.

In 1899, Yeats and his close friend and patron Lady Augusta Gregory founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later Abbey Theatre), which came to represent the centre of cultural renaissance in Dublin. The first play performed at the theatre was Yeats “The Countess Cathleen” (1899). In 1904, the Abbey Theatre opened. In the following years Yeats put all his creative energy into theatre. Among Yeats most famous productions were “The Land of Heart’s Desire” (1894), “Cathleen ni Houlihan” (1902), “The Hour Glass”( 1903), “The King’s Treshold” (1904),”On Baile’s Strand” (1905) and “Deirdre” (1907).

Yeats international reputation is based on his late verse, written in the 1920s. His major achievements include “The Wild Swans at Coole” (1917), “Four Plays for Dancers” (1921), “The Tower” (1928), “The Winding Stair” (1929), and “Last Poems and Two Plays” (1940). W.B. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923.

In 1917, Yeats married Bertha Georgie Hyde-Lees and they had two children (Anna and William Michael).

During his life, Yeats was also interested and actively involved in politics and appointed senator of the Irish Free State in 1923 (he served for five years).

W.B. Yeats died on 28 January in 1939 at the age of 73 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France.

'''Sources'''

Foster, R. F. "Yeats, William Butler (1865–1939)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37061>.

"William Butler Yeats - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 30 Nov 2011.<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1923/yeats.html>.

"William Butler Yeats". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652421/William-Butler-Yeats>.

W.B. Yeats

2011-12-06T21:50:30Z

LisaB:

'''William Butler Yeats'''

1865-1939, Irish poet and playwright

'''Early years and education'''

William Butler Yeats was born on 13 June 1865 in Dublin as the eldest son of John Butler Yeats, a well known Irish painter. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen was the daughter of a wealthy merchant’s family. Yeats spent his early years in County Sligo (Western Ireland) and London, where he attended the Godolphin School in Hammersmith. His family moved back to Dublin in 1880, where Yeats then went to Erasmus Smith High School. In 1883, Yeats enrolled in the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin for two years. In 1887, his family moved back to London again. The same year, W.B. Yeats started writing his first poems.

'''Life and Career'''

In London W.B. Yeats became acquainted with many famous writers such as Oscar Wilde, William Morris, George Bernard Shaw and W.E. Henley.
In 1899, Yeats and his close friend and patron Lady Augusta Gregory founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later Abbey Theatre), which came to represent the centre of cultural renaissance in Dublin. The first play performed at the theatre was Yeats “The Countess Cathleen” (1899). In 1904, the Abbey Theatre opened. In the following years Yeats put all his creative energy into theatre. Among Yeats most famous productions were “The Land of Heart’s Desire” (1894), “Cathleen ni Houlihan” (1902), “The Hour Glass”( 1903), “The King’s Treshold” (1904),”On Baile’s Strand” (1905) and “Deirdre” (1907).
Yeats first came to be known as a Celtic poet who believed in a distinctive Irish, national culture. He drew from sources of Irish mythology and folklore and was fascinated by mysticism and occult.

Yeats international reputation however is based on his late verse, written in the 1920s. His major achievements include “The Wild Swans at Coole” (1917), “Four Plays for Dancers” (1921), “The Tower” (1928), “The Winding Stair” (1929), and “Last Poems and Two Plays” (1940). W.B. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923.

In 1917, Yeats married Bertha Georgie Hyde-Lees and they had two children (Anna and William Michael).

During his life, Yeats was also interested and actively involved in politics and appointed senator of the Irish Free State in 1923 (he served for five years).

W.B. Yeats died on 28 January in 1939 at the age of 73 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France.

'''Sources'''

Foster, R. F. "Yeats, William Butler (1865–1939)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37061>.

"William Butler Yeats - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 30 Nov 2011.<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1923/yeats.html>.

"William Butler Yeats". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652421/William-Butler-Yeats>.

W.B. Yeats

2011-12-06T21:41:26Z

LisaB:

'''William Butler Yeats'''

1865-1939, Irish poet and playwright

'''Early years and education'''

William Butler Yeats was born on 13 June 1865 in Dublin as the eldest son of John Butler Yeats, a well known Irish painter. His mother, Susan Mary Pollexfen was the daughter of a wealthy merchant’s family. Yeats spent his early years in County Sligo (Western Ireland) and London, where he attended the Godolphin School in Hammersmith. His family moved back to Dublin in 1880, where Yeats then went to Erasmus Smith High School. In 1883 Yeats enrolled in the Metropolitan School of Art in Dublin for two years. In 1887 his family moved back to London again. The same year, W.B. Yeats started writing his first poems.

'''Life and Career'''

In London W.B. Yeats became acquainted with many famous writers such as Oscar Wilde, William Morris, George Bernard Shaw and W.E. Henley. In 1899 Yeats and his close friend and patron Lady Augusta Gregory founded the Irish Literary Theatre (later Abbey Theatre), which came to represent the centre of cultural renaissance in Dublin. The first play performed at the theatre was Yeats “The Countess Cathleen” (1899). In 1904 the Abbey Theatre opened. In the following years Yeats put all his creative energy into theatre. Among Yeats most famous productions were “The Land of Heart’s Desire” (1894), “Cathleen ni Houlihan” (1902), “The Hour Glass”( 1903), “The King’s Treshold” (1904),”On Baile’s Strand” (1905) and “Deirdre” (1907).
Yeats first came to be known as a Celtic poet who believed in a distinctive Irish, national culture. He drew from sources of Irish mythology and folklore and was fascinated by mysticism and occult.
Yeats international reputation however is based on his late verse, written in the 1920s. His major achievements include “The Wild Swans at Coole” (1917), “Four Plays for Dancers” (1921), “The Tower” (1928), “The Winding Stair” (1929), and “Last Poems and Two Plays” (1940). W.B. Yeats was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923.
In 1917 Yeats married Bertha Georgie Hyde-Lees and they had two children (Anna and William Michael). During his life, Yeats was also interested and actively involved in politics and appointed senator of the Irish Free State in 1923 (he served for five years).
W.B. Yeats died on 28 January in 1939 at the age of 73 in Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, France.

'''Sources'''

"William Butler Yeats - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 30 Nov 2011 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1923/yeats.html

"William Butler Yeats." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 05 Dec. 2011. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652421/William-Butler-Yeats>.

R. F. Foster, ‘Yeats, William Butler (1865–1939)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/37061, accessed 5 Dec 2011]

W.B. Yeats

2011-12-05T18:18:28Z

LisaB:

1865-1939. Irish poet and playwright. One of the protagonists of the [[Irish renaissance|Irish Renaissance]] and co-founder of the [[Abbey Theatre]].