British Culture - User contributions [en]

Primogeniture

2010-01-05T15:11:41Z

Laura: /* sources */

'''Primogeniture''' was a common law that arranged the organization of inheritance.
Thus, it established '''the right of the eldest son that was born to a family to inherit the complete possessions''' of his family: This meant the family's entire estate, wealth and property.

Accordingly, the other children of a family were usually left without inheritance.
However, parents usually made arrangements to provide for their children's future so that they could fend for themselves in case of their parents' death. Therefore, parents sought to secure their children's adult life by education (in case of younger sons)and by finding a suitable husband for daughters.In order to organize marriages, parents provided their daughters with a dowry to ensure that there was an appropriate man willing to marry the girl.

The idea behind primogeniture was to secure the estate as a whole, so that it would not be divided again and again until no one could have lived of it. Thus, primogeniture was also a key factor that enabled the expansion of estates.

== sources ==

Woodford, Donna. "'According to my Bond.' Family Ties in Shakespeare's Time." ''Understanding King Lear: A Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents.'' Westport/CT and London: Greenwood Press, 2004. 85-111.

Legal Definition of Primoeniture. http://duhaime.org/LegalDictionary/P/Primogeniture.aspx

--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 17:13, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

User:Laura

2010-01-05T15:05:13Z

Laura:

wrote:

[[American War of Independence]]

[[Primogeniture]]

[[Lancelot "Capability" Brown]]

Lancelot "Capability" Brown

2010-01-05T15:04:35Z

Laura: Created page with ' == life == '''Lancelot Brown''', fittingly the son of a gardener, was '''born in Kirkharle, Northumberland in 1716.''' After attending school until the age of 16, Brown apprent…'

== life ==

'''Lancelot Brown''', fittingly the son of a gardener, was '''born in Kirkharle, Northumberland in 1716.'''
After attending school until the age of 16, Brown apprenticed to Sir William Lorraine in 1732 and later moved to Wotton in order to work for Sir Richard Grenville as a gardener. After that, Brown started to work for Lord Cobham. During his time at Stowe Park, Brown married Bridget Wayet in 1744 and made the acquaintance of William Kent, who was working at the estate. This acquaintance helped Brown to set up his '''own business in 1749'''.
In 1760 Brown took up work at Blenheim Palace until he was appointed '''Master Gardener at Hampton Court''' four years later as his career took off.
Lancelot Brown died in 1783.

== nickname: "Capability" ==

Lancelot Brown came to be called '''Lancelot "Capability" Brown''' because of his habit of describing the potential to shape parks as "capabilities".

== concept of gardens ==

Lancelot "Capability" Brown was famous for his designed gardens. However, he did not follow the idea of symmetrical, strictly ordered French gardens, but favored the supposedly more natural '''English garden style'''.
Thus, Brown's gardens '''imitated nature''' so that his gardens were also planned and arranged but at least acknowledged natural laws.
Lancelot "Capability" Brown's garden's went together well with the '''ecclectic style and Gothic buildings''' that were fashionable at that time.

== sources ==

British Towns Network. http://www.capability-brown.org.uk/ 5 January 2010

The Twickenham Museum. Bowling, John. http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=295 5 January 2010.

--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 15:04, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Primogeniture

2009-12-12T17:20:30Z

Laura:

'''Primogeniture''' was a common law that arranged the organization of inheritance.
Thus, it established '''the right of the eldest son that was born to a family to inherit the complete possessions''' of his family: This meant the family's entire estate, wealth and property.

Accordingly, the other children of a family were left without inheritance.
However, parents usually made arrangements to provide for their children's future so that they could fend for themselves in case of their parents' death. Therefore, parents sought to secure their children's adult life by education (in case of further sons)and by finding a suitable husband for daughters.In order to organize marriages, parents provided their daughters with a dowry to ensure that there was an appropriate man willing to marry the girl.

The idea behind primogeniture was to secure the estate as a whole, so that it would not be divided again and again until no one could have lived of it. Thus, primogeniture was also a key factor that enabled the expansion of estates.

== sources ==

Woodford, Donna. "'According to my Bond.' Family Ties in Shaekespeare's Time." ''Understanding King Lear: A Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents.'' Westport/CT and London: Greenwood Press, 2004. 85-111.

--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 17:13, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Primogeniture

2009-12-12T17:16:15Z

Laura: /* sources */

'''Primogeniture''' was a common law that arranged the organization of inheritance.
Thus, it established '''the right of the eldest son that was born to a family to inherit the complete possessions''' of his family: This meant the family's entire estate, wealth and property.

Accordingly, the other children of a family were left without inheritance.
However, parents usually made arrangements to provide for their children's future so that they could fend for themselves in case of their parents' death. Therefore, parents sought to secure their children's adult life by education (in case of further sons)and by finding a suitable husband for daughters.In order to organize marriages, parents provided their daughters with a dowry to ensure that there was an appropriate man willing to marry the girl.

== sources ==

Woodford, Donna. "'According to my Bond.' Family Ties in Shaekespeare's Time." ''Understanding King Lear: A Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents.'' Westport/CT and London: Greenwood Press, 2004. 85-111.

--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 17:13, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

Primogeniture

2009-12-12T17:15:49Z

Laura:

'''Primogeniture''' was a common law that arranged the organization of inheritance.
Thus, it established '''the right of the eldest son that was born to a family to inherit the complete possessions''' of his family: This meant the family's entire estate, wealth and property.

Accordingly, the other children of a family were left without inheritance.
However, parents usually made arrangements to provide for their children's future so that they could fend for themselves in case of their parents' death. Therefore, parents sought to secure their children's adult life by education (in case of further sons)and by finding a suitable husband for daughters.In order to organize marriages, parents provided their daughters with a dowry to ensure that there was an appropriate man willing to marry the girl.

== sources ==

Woodford, Donna. "'According to my Bond.' Family Ties in Shaekespeare's Time." ''Understanding King Lear: A Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents.'' Wesrport/CT and London: Greenwood Press, 2004. 85-111.

--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 17:13, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

User:Laura

2009-12-12T17:14:23Z

Laura:

wrote:

[[American War of Independence]]

[[Primogeniture]]

User:Laura

2009-12-12T17:14:12Z

Laura:

wrote:

[[American War of Independence]]
[[Primogeniture]]

Primogeniture

2009-12-12T17:13:20Z

Laura: Created page with ''''Primogeniture''' was a common law that arranged the organization of inheritance. Thus, it established '''the right of the eldest son that was born to a family to inherit the c…'

'''Primogeniture''' was a common law that arranged the organization of inheritance.
Thus, it established '''the right of the eldest son that was born to a family to inherit the complete possessions''' of his family: This meant the family's entire estate, wealth and property.
Accordingly the other children of a family were left without inheritance.
However, parents usually made arrangements to provide for their children's future so that they could fend for themselves in case of their parents' death. Therefore, parents sought to secure their children's adult life by education (in case of further sons)and by finding a suitable husband for daughters.In order to organize marriages, parents provided their daughters with a dowry to ensure that there was an appropriate man willing to marry the girl.

== sources ==

Woodford, Donna. "'According to my Bond.' Family Ties in Shaekespeare's Time." ''Understanding King Lear: A Casebook to Issues, Sources and Historical Documents.'' Wesrport/CT and London: Greenwood Press, 2004. 85-111.

--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 17:13, 12 December 2009 (UTC)

American War of Independence

2009-11-05T17:49:27Z

Laura:

also American Revolutionary War

== time frame ==
1775-1783

== background ==
In order to provide safety for the settlers living in the American colonies, the British Empire shouldered tremendous costs. Therefore, the British Parliament decided that the colonies should get involved by paying at least one third of the total amount by the means of '''taxes on sugar (1764) and stamps (1765)'''.
However, these taxation laws were not well received by the colonists, who felt unfairly treated.
According to their point of view, taxation was an illegal act as the colonies were not directly represented in the British Parliament. Thus, the famous slogan '''"No taxation without representation"''' was coined.
Assuming that the colonists might accept "external" taxes instead of "internal" ones, the Townshend Acts (1767) imposed import duty on tea and several other goods. Colonists however, as for example Samuel Adams, critized these laws harshly and articulated their protest in several boycotts.

== Boston Tea Party (1773) ==
One of these boycotts meant that three ships of the '''East India Company''' loaded with tea were denied to discharge. At nighttime ('''16 December 1773''') several colonists disguised as Native Americans entered the ships and threw the complete load of 342 boxes of tea overboard.
Consequently, the British government and Parliament decided to close Boston's harbor and demanded compensation for the East India Company.

== the war ==
Inspite of its duration of eight years, the '''American War of Independence''' doesn't comprise any outstanding events as such.
Due to their naval superiority, the British Empire was able to take over and secure much of the coastal area. Conversely, they didn't succeed in the heartland because of their rather small land army. Thus, Britain had to accept its defeat in the end.
The war ended with the '''Treaty of Paris (1783)''' and which recognized the formerly British colonies as a sovereign country - the United States of America.

== sources ==

Dippel, Horst. Geschichte der USA. München: C.H. Beck, 2005.

Pankratz, Anette. unpublished manuscript/Mitschrift. Vorlesung: 18th Century Culture. English Department: Ruhr-Universität Bochum. WS 09/10.

Wills, Gary. Inventing America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 17:49, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

American War of Independence

2009-11-05T17:49:07Z

Laura:

also American Revolutionary War

== time frame ==
1775-1783

== background ==
In order to provide safety for the settlers living in the American colonies, the British Empire shouldered tremendous costs. Therefore, the British Parliament decided that the colonies should get involved by paying at least one third of the total amount by the means of '''taxes on sugar (1764) and stamps (1765)'''.
However, these taxation laws were not well received by the colonists, who felt unfairly treated.
According to their point of view, taxation was an illegal act as the colonies were not directly represented in the British Parliament. Thus, the famous slogan '''"No taxation without representation"''' was coined.
Assuming that the colonists might accept "external" taxes instead of "internal" ones, the Townshend Acts (1767) imposed import duty on tea and several other goods. Colonists however, as for example Samuel Adams, critized these laws harshly and articulated their protest in several boycotts.

== Boston Tea Party (1773) ==
One of these boycotts meant that three ships of the '''East India Company''' loaded with tea were denied to discharge. At nighttime ('''16 December 1773''') several colonists disguised as Native Americans entered the ships and threw the complete load of 342 boxes of tea overboard.
Consequently, the British government and Parliament decided to close Boston's harbor and demanded compensation for the East India Company.

== the war ==
Inspite of its duration of eight years, the '''American War of Independence''' doesn't comprise any outstanding events as such.
Due to their naval superiority, the British Empire was able to take over and secure much of the coastal area. Conversely, they didn't succeed in the heartland because of their rather small land army. Thus, Britain had to accept its defeat in the end.
The war ended with the '''Treaty of Paris (1783)''' and which recognized the formerly British colonies as a sovereign country - the United States of America.

== sources ==

Dippel, Horst. Geschichte der USA. München: C.H. Beck, 2005.

Pankratz, Anette. unpublished manuscript/Mitschrift. Vorlesung: 18th Century Culture. English Department: Ruhr-Universität Bochum. WS 09/10.

Wills, Gary. Inventing America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
--[[User:Laura|Laura]] 17:49, 5 November 2009 (UTC)

American War of Independence

2009-11-05T17:42:50Z

Laura: /* Boston Tea Party (1773) */

User:Laura

2009-11-05T17:38:04Z

Laura: Created page with 'wrote: American War of Independence'

wrote:

[[American War of Independence]]

American War of Independence

2009-11-05T17:37:05Z

Laura:

also American Revolutionary War

== time frame ==
1775-1783

== background ==
In order to provide safety for the settlers living in the American colonies, the British Empire shouldered tremendous costs. Therefore, the British Parliament decided that the colonies should get involved by paying at least one third of the total amount by the means of '''taxes on sugar (1764) and stamps (1765)'''.
However, these taxation laws were not well received by the colonists, who felt unfairly treated.
According to their point of view, taxation was an illegal act as the colonies were not directly represented in the British Parliament. Thus, the famous slogan '''"No taxation without representation"''' was coined.
Assuming that the colonists might accept "external" taxes instead of "internal" ones, the Townshend Acts (1767) imposed import duty on tea and several other goods. Colonists however, as for example Samuel Adams, critized these laws harshly and articulated their protest in several boycotts.

== Boston Tea Party (1773) ==
One of these boycotts meant that three ships of the '''East Inda Company''' loaded with tea were denied to discharge. At nighttime ('''16 December 1773''') several colonists disguised as Native Americans entered the ships and threw the complete load of 342 boxes of tea overboard.
Consequently, the British government and Parliament decided to close Boston's harbor and demanded compensation for the East India Company.

== the war ==
Inspite of its duration of eight years, the '''American War of Independence''' doesn't comprise any outstanding events as such.
Due to their naval superiority, the British Empire was able to take over and secure much of the coastal area. Conversely, they didn't succeed in the heartland because of their rather small land army. Thus, Britain had to accept its defeat in the end.
The war ended with the '''Treaty of Paris (1783)''' and which recognized the formerly British colonies as a sovereign country - the United States of America.

== sources ==

Dippel, Horst. Geschichte der USA. München: C.H. Beck, 2005.

Pankratz, Anette. unpublished manuscript/Mitschrift. Vorlesung: 18th Century Culture. English Department: Ruhr-Universität Bochum. WS 09/10.

Wills, Gary. Inventing America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.

American War of Independence

2009-11-05T17:32:12Z

Laura: Created page with 'also American Revolutionary War == time frame == 1775-1783 == background == In order to provide safety for the settlers living in the American colonies, the British Empire sho…'

also American Revolutionary War

== time frame ==
1775-1783

== background ==
In order to provide safety for the settlers living in the American colonies, the British Empire shouldered tremendous costs. Therefore, the British Parliament decided that the colonies should get involved by paying at least one third of the total amount by the means of '''taxes on sugar (1764) and stamps (1765)'''.
However, these taxation laws were not well received by the colonists, who felt unfairly treated.
According to their point of view, taxation was an illegal act as the colonies were not directly represented in the British Parliament. Thus, the famous slogan '''"No taxation without representation"''' was coined.
Assuming that the colonists might accept "external" taxes instead of "internal" ones, the Townshend Acts (1767) imposed import duty on tea and several other goods. Colonists however, as for example Samuel Adams, critized these laws harshly and articulated their protest in several boycotts.

== Boston Tea Party (1773) ==
One of these boycotts meant that three ships of the '''East Inda Company''' loaded with tea were denied to discharge. At nighttime ('''16 December 1773''') several colonists disguised as Native Americans entered the ships and threw the complete load of 342 boxes of tea overboard.
Consequently, the British government and Parliament decided to close Boston's harbor and demanded compensation for the East India Company.

== the war ==
Inspite of its duration of eight years, the '''American War of Independence''' doesn't comprise any outstanding events as such.
Due to their naval superiority, the British Empire was able to take over and secure much of the coastal area. Conversely, they didn't succeed in the heartland because of their rather small land army. Thus, Britain had to accept its defeat in the end.
The war ended with the '''Treaty of Paris (1783)''' and which recognized the formerly British colonies as a sovereign country - the United States of America.