British Culture - User contributions [en]

Henry IV

2010-06-30T07:54:50Z

Ka-mi: Created page with 'Born 1366 (maybe 1367). Died 1413. House of Plantagenet, Earl of Derby, King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399–1413). Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche…'

Born 1366 (maybe 1367). Died 1413. [[House of Plantagenet]], Earl of Derby, King of England and Lord of Ireland (1399–1413). Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster, Countess of Derby, grandson of [[Edwand III]].
Henry IV. was married twice. His first wife was Mary de Bohun. They married in 1381 and had 6 children. After the death of his wife 1394 he married Joan of Navarre 1403. His marriage to Joan of Navarre was highly unpopular and she was, in fact, convicted of witchcraft in 1419.
Henry IV was invested as a Knight. 1397 he became Duke of Hereford. He was in exile in France (September 1398 to july 1399) because of a fight with [[Thomas Mowbray]] and returned after the death of his father.
Herny IV. was crowned on 13th Octobre 1399 and founder of the [[Lancaster]] dyasty. Between 1400 and 1405 he lost many battless agains Scottland. He was always unter the critics of the parliament, because of financial straits. Soon rebellions against the king and his family started because people were disappointed by the King.
He traveled a lot and fought in many crusades. In 1392 and 1393 Henry IV undertook a pilgrimage to Jerusalem where he made offerings at the Holy Sepulchre and Mount of Olives.
After 1408 Henry IV fell ill with a mysterious disease, perhaps leprosy.
1413, Henry died in the Jerusalem Chamber of [[Westminster Abbey]] as severe neurotic. Unlikely as it may seem due to the rebellions, Henry left his eldest son an undisputed succession.

Sources:
http://www.britannia.com/history/monarchs/mon34.html
http://www.thepeerage.com/p10187.htm#i101863
http://www.mittelalter-genealogie.de/mittelalter/koenige/england/heinrich_4_koenig_von_england_+_1413.html
http://genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00004903&tree=LEO

Edward IV

2010-06-01T06:51:20Z

Ka-mi: Created page with 'Eduard IV. Born 1442, died 1483, House of York, King of England 1461 – 1470 and 1471 – 1483. He was the second son of Son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and hi…'

Eduard IV.
Born 1442, died 1483, House of York, King of England 1461 – 1470 and 1471 – 1483.
He was the second son of Son of [[Richard Plantagenet]], 3rd Duke of York and his wife Cecily Neville, ealder brother [[Richard III]] who helped him to disposse king [[Henry VI]] in 1461 to become king of England.
After his father was killed at the Battle of Wakefield with the Lancastrians, Eduard, insead of [[Henry VI]], was proclaimed king in 1460 and declared king in London in 1461. Son insead of House of Lancafter (red rose) the House of York (white rose) became now the ruling house and the bloody civil war called [[War of Roses]] began.
At the beginning Eduard IV was very successful. He was able to put down Lancastrian rebellions in Wales and North England, Scottland was forced to peace and the insane [[Henry VI]] Was imprisoned in the Tower of London.
At the end of 1470 he had to flee to the Netherlands because of a Act of Parliament which brought back Henry VI from the Tower to the throne. With the help of his brother-in-law [[Charles the Bold ]] Henry IV could be captured again and was executed in 1471. So Eduard IV could confirm his dominion again.

He was an extremely capable and daring military commander, and had a excellent financial management. He was able to the [[House of Lancaster]] and was himself never defeated on the battlefield. Together with his wife Elisabeth he had seven daughers and three sons and two children born out of wedlock.

Souces:
[[http://www.uni-protokolle.de/Lexikon/Eduard_IV._%28England%29.html]]
[[http://www.archontology.org/nations/uk/england/king_england/edward4.php]]
E. B. Pryde (Herausgeber)u.a., Handbook of British Chronology, Cambridge University Press; Auflage: 3, Cambride 1996.
Michael Hicks, Edward IV., Arnold Books, London 2004

Richard III

2010-05-04T06:36:55Z

Ka-mi:

Born 1452, died 1485. "Duke of Gloucester". King of England 1483-1485. Son of [[Richard Plantagenet]], 3. Duke of York and his wife [[Cecily Neville]]. Member of the House of York.
In 1461 he helped his older brother [[Eduard IV.]] to dispossess king [[Heinrich VI.]] to make his brother the next king.
With the sudden death of [[Eduard IV.]] On 9 April 1483 his 12 years old son [[Eduard V.]] (*1470) became the new king. Richard, as the oncle of [[Eduard V.]] lead the government as "Lord protector of the realm".
On 26 June 1483 he disposed his nephew from the throne to rule the country by himself, and to keep Eduard's guardianships away from too much power. King Richard III and his wife [[Anne Neville]] were crowned on 6 July at Westminster Abbey. Together they had one son, [[Edward of Middleham]], who died with the age of 11 years..
Richard III. was a man with strong personality, and exelent political, militerian and administrative skills.

There are rumours that he had murdered or connived at the murder of his nephews [[Eduard V.]] and his younger brother Richard in the Tower of London in October 1483. Whether this was true or not, with the death of the two boys the tide began to turn against him.There were two major rebellions against Richard III. One in 1483, was headed by Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, which endet with the execution of [[Henry Stafford]]. The other rebellion was in 1485 led by [[Henry Tudor]], 2nd Earl of Richmond (later King Henry VII) and his uncle Jasper. On 22 August 1485 Richard III. was beaten in the battle of Bosworth by Tutor, because 3 of his best followers abandoned him.
With his death the era of the war of roses endet.

A bloody tyrant, usurper and villain. Or a monarch which tried to rule the country with the then usual methods, did a good job, but had the misfortune to be beaten by [[Henry VII]] and becoming part of the [[Tudor Myth]].

Sources:

Schmidt Liebich: Daten der englischen Geschichte, 1977, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH& Co. KG, Münschen.

Paul Murray Kendall: Richard III. -König von England Mythos und Wirklichkeit, 1980, Verlag Diederichs, München.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom/44829/Richard-III-1483-85#ref=ref482905

Richard III

2010-05-04T06:36:18Z

Ka-mi:

Born 1452, died 1485. "Duke of Gloucester". King of England 1483-1485. Son of [[Richard Plantagenet]], 3. Duke of York and his wife [[Cecily Neville]]. Member of the House of York.
In 1461 he helped his older brother [[Eduard IV.]] to dispossess king [[Heinrich VI.]] to make his brother the next king.
With the sudden death of [[Eduard IV.]] On 9 April 1483 his 12 years old son [[Eduard V.]] (*1470) became the new king. Richard, as the oncle of [[Eduard V.]] lead the government as "Lord protector of the realm".
On 26 June 1483 he disposed his nephew from the throne to rule the country by himself, and to keep Eduard's guardianships away from too much power. King [[Richard III]] and his wife [[Anne Neville]] were crowned on 6 July at Westminster Abbey. Together they had one son, [[Edward of Middleham]], who died with the age of 11 years..
Richard III. was a man with strong personality, and exelent political, militerian and administrative skills.

There are rumours that he had murdered or connived at the murder of his nephews [[Eduard V.]] and his younger brother Richard in the Tower of London in October 1483. Whether this was true or not, with the death of the two boys the tide began to turn against him.There were two major rebellions against Richard III. One in 1483, was headed by Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, which endet with the execution of [[Henry Stafford]]. The other rebellion was in 1485 led by [[Henry Tudor]], 2nd Earl of Richmond (later King Henry VII) and his uncle Jasper. On 22 August 1485 Richard III. was beaten in the battle of Bosworth by Tutor, because 3 of his best followers abandoned him.
With his death the era of the war of roses endet.

A bloody tyrant, usurper and villain. Or a monarch which tried to rule the country with the then usual methods, did a good job, but had the misfortune to be beaten by [[Henry VII]] and becoming part of the [[Tudor Myth]].

Sources:
Schmidt Liebich: Daten der englischen Geschichte, 1977, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag GmbH& Co. KG, Münschen.

Paul Murray Kendall: Richard III. -König von England Mythos und Wirklichkeit, 1980, Verlag Diederichs, München.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom/44829/Richard-III-1483-85#ref=ref482905