British Culture - User contributions [en]

Appeasement

2012-01-12T15:13:38Z

Janna:

Although Hitler offended the Treaty of Versailles in several ways, the Western powers - and especially Great Britain under the government of Neville Chamerlain - did not interfere for a long time. This kind of policy is called "appeasement". Great Britain was in a deep economic crisis at that time and therefore, they wanted to avoid another war. So, they made concessions to Hitler: they tolerated Hitler's invasion of the Rhineland, his nuclear armament and initiating the compulsory military service (which was all against the Treaty of Versailles). The annexation of Austria was not considered as problematic by Britain. They regarded it as an intestine matter of Germany and Austria and Hitler referred to the right of self-determination of the peoples. Britain even finally agreed to the annexation of Sudentenland. In the Munich Agreemnt of 1938 they (together with France) allowed Hitler to annex it and referred - as Hitler had done it before - to the self-determination of the peoples.

Great Britain agreed with Germany that the Treaty of Versailles was too strict and that its regulations prevented Germany from achieving economic and social progress. Thus, they were sypathetic about the German wish to revise the Treaty. Additionally, they believed Hitler, who assured them to lead a policy of peace. Great Britain assumed that Hitler would proceed much more aggressive if he planned to start a war. So, one can say that a problem of the British government was its underestimation of Hitler.

Britain only ended their policy of appeasement in 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland. Chamberlain was strongly criticised for his kind of policy.

Sources:

MacDonough, Frank. ''Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement and the British Road to War''. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2000.

Parker, Robert Alexander Clarke. ''Chamberlain and Appeasement. British Policy and the Coming of the Second World War''. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993.

Appeasement

2012-01-12T15:12:59Z

Janna:

Although Hitler offended the Treaty of Versailles in several ways, the Western powers - and especially Great Britain under the government of Neville Chamerlain - did not interfere for a long time. This kind of policy is called "appeasement". Great Britain was in a deep economic crisis at that time and therefore, they wanted to avoid another war. So, they made concessions to Hitler: they tolerated Hitler's invasion of the Rhineland, his nuclear armament and initiating the compulsory military service (which was all against the Treaty of Versailles). The annexation of Austria was not considered as problematic by Britain. They regarded it as an intestine matter of Germany and Austria and Hitler referred to the right of self-determination of the peoples. Britain even finally agreed to the annexation of Sudentenland. In the Munich Agreemnt of 1938 they (together with France) allowed Hitler to annex it and referred - as Hitler had done it before - to the self-determination of the peoples.
Great Britain agreed with Germany that the Treaty of Versailles was too strict and that its regulations prevented Germany from achieving economic and social progress. Thus, they were sypathetic about the German wish to revise the Treaty. Additionally, they believed Hitler, who assured them to lead a policy of peace. Great Britain assumed that Hitler would proceed much more aggressive if he planned to start a war. So, one can say that a problem of the British government was its underestimation of Hitler.
Britain only ended their policy of appeasement in 1939 when Hitler invaded Poland. Chamberlain was strongly criticised for his kind of policy.

Sources:

MacDonough, Frank. ''Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement and the British Road to War''. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2000.

Parker, Robert Alexander Clarke. ''Chamberlain and Appeasement. British Policy and the Coming of the Second World War''. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993.

P.G. Wodehouse

2012-01-12T14:28:06Z

Janna: Blanked the page

Appeasement

2012-01-12T14:27:05Z

Janna: Created page with 'Although Hitler offended the Treaty of Versailles in several ways, the Western powers - and especially Great Britain - did not interfere for a long time. This kind of policy is c…'

Although Hitler offended the Treaty of Versailles in several ways, the Western powers - and especially Great Britain - did not interfere for a long time. This kind of policy is called "Appeasement". Great Britain was in a deep economic crisis at that time and therefore, they wanted to avoid another war. So, they made concessions to Hitler: they tolerated Hitler's invasion of the Rhineland, his nuclear armament and initiating the compulsory military service (which was all against the Treaty of Versailles).

P.G. Wodehouse

2012-01-11T12:31:21Z

Janna: Created page with 'P. G. Wodehouse was a British humorist.'

P. G. Wodehouse was a British humorist.

Charlie Chaplin

2011-11-17T19:40:49Z

Janna:

April 16th 1889 – December 25th 1977. English comic actor and director, who became famous for his roles in silent films.

'''Early life'''

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London as the son of the actor Charles Spencer Chaplin and the actress and singer Hannah Harriet Chaplin (better known as Lily Harley, her stage name). Because of the early death of his father in 1901 and the illness of his mother, he was thrown on his own resources when he still was a child. As both of his parents were artists, it seemed natural to begin a career on the stage as well.

'''Starting a career'''

At the age of 14, he had his first important role in a stage show (''Sherlock Holmes''). A little later, he continued his career as vaudeville comedian and became a member of the Fred Karno Repertoire Company. They traveled all over Britain and twice to America to show their repertoire. He was so popular in the United States that the Keystone Film Company offered him to act in films. So, he emigrated to America and after some problems at the beginning, the audiences were enthusiastic about Chaplin and he became very successful and even the most popular comedian worldwide.

'''Becoming independent'''

Until 1917, Chaplin had been under contract with three different film companies. He then decided to become independent by building up his own studios and becoming a producer on his own. He was at least as successful as a producer as he was as an actor; the most famous movies are:

''The Kid'' (1921)

''The Circus'' (1928)

''City Lights'' (1931)

''Modern Times'' (1936)

''The Great Dictator'' (1940)

''Limelight'' (1952)

In his films, Chaplin digested what he was bothered with at that time. “Modern Times” for example deals with the new age. Chaplin was preoccupied with the social and economic problems of the time.
Watch “Modern Times”:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-UQ7hBGPZ0

'''Leaving the United States'''

In 1952 Charlie Chaplin travelled to Europe again for a family vacation and the premiere of his new film ''Limelight''. During his stay abroad, the US revoked Chaplin’s re-entry permit and stated that because of his political attitude, he had to answer questions of the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) first to be allowed to return to the US. He was accused of being a Communist, although he had never said so or had been a member of a Communist Party. This incident was tipped the balance for Chaplin’s decision not to return to the United States (since Joan Barry claimed Chaplin had impregnated her in 1943, he was constantly talked down by the American mass media). He sold his film studio and house in Hollywood and moved to Switzerland.
In the following years, Chaplin produced several films and after the tensions between him and the American press had calmed down, he visited the United States once again in 1972.

'''Death'''

In the late sixties Chaplin’s health began to fail, until he died in Switzerland in 1977. By that time, he had nine children from two different marriages.

Sources:

Chaplin, Charlie. ''Hallo Europa!'' Ed. Charlotte Pol and Heinz Pol. Leipzig: Paul List Verlag, 1928.

Maland, Charles J. ''Chaplin and American Culture. The Evolution of a Star Image.'' New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1989.

McCaffrey, Donald W., ed. ''Focus on Chaplin''. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

http://www.charliechaplin.com/

Charlie Chaplin

2011-11-17T19:40:04Z

Janna:

April 16th 1889 – December 25th 1977. English comic actor and director, who became famous for his roles in silent films.

'''Early life'''

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London as the son of the actor Charles Spencer Chaplin and the actress and singer Hannah Harriet Chaplin (better known as Lily Harley, her stage name). Because of the early death of his father in 1901 and the illness of his mother, he was thrown on his own resources when he still was a child. As both of his parents were artists, it seemed natural to begin a career on the stage as well.

'''Starting a career'''

At the age of 14, he had his first important role in a stage show (''Sherlock Holmes''). A little later, he continued his career as vaudeville comedian and became a member of the Fred Karno Repertoire Company. They traveled all over Britain and twice to America to show their repertoire. He was so popular in the United States that the Keystone Film Company offered him to act in films. So, he emigrated to America and after some problems at the beginning, the audiences were enthusiastic about Chaplin and he became very successful and even the most popular comedian worldwide.

'''Becoming independent'''

Until 1917, Chaplin had been under contract with three different film companies. He then decided to become independent by building up his own studios and becoming a producer on his own. He was at least as successful as a producer as he was as an actor; the most famous movies are:

''The Kid'' (1921)

''The Circus'' (1928)

''City Lights'' (1931)

''Modern Times'' (1936)

''The Great Dictator'' (1940)

''Limelight'' (1952)

In his films, Chaplin digested what he was bothered with at that time. “Modern Times” for example deals with the new age. Chaplin was preoccupied with the social and economic problems of the time.
Watch “Modern Times”:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-UQ7hBGPZ0

'''Leaving the United States'''

In 1952 Charlie Chaplin travelled to Europe again for a family vacation and the premiere of his new film ''Limelight''. During his stay abroad, the US revoked Chaplin’s re-entry permit and stated that because of his political attitude, he had to answer questions of the INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) first to be allowed to return to the US. He was accused of being a Communist, although he had never said so or had been a member of a Communist Party. This incident was tipped the balance for Chaplin’s decision not to return to the United States (since Joan Barry claimed Chaplin had impregnated her in 1943, he was constantly talked down by the American mass media). He sold his film studio and house in Hollywood and moved to Switzerland.
In the following years, Chaplin produced several films and after the tensions between him and the American press had calmed down, he visited the United States once again in 1972.

'''Death'''

In the late sixties Chaplin’s health began to fail, until he died in Switzerland in 1977. By that time, he had nine children from two different marriages.

Sources:

Chaplin, Charlie. ''Hallo Europa!'' Ed. Charlotte Pol and Heinz Pol. Leipzig: Paul List Verlag, 1928.

Maland, Charles J. Chaplin and American Culture. The Evolution of a Star Image. New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1989.

McCaffrey, Donald W., ed. ''Focus on Chaplin''. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

http://www.charliechaplin.com/

Charlie Chaplin

2011-11-12T13:10:39Z

Janna:

'''Charlie Chaplin''' (April 16th 1889 – December 25th 1977) was an English comic actor and director, who became famous for his roles in silent films.

'''Early life'''

Charles Spencer Chaplin was born in London as the son of the actor Charles Spencer Chaplin and the actress and singer Hannah Harriet Chaplin (better known as Lily Harley, her stage name). Because of the early death of his father in 1901 and the illness of his mother, he was thrown on his own resources when he still was a child. As both of his parents were artists, it seemed natural to begin a career on the stage as well.

'''Starting a career'''

At the age of 14, he had his first important role in a stage show (“Sherlock Holmes”). Little later, he continued his career as vaudeville comedian and became a member of the “Fred Karno Repertoire Company”. They travelled all over Britain and twice to America to show their repertoire. He was so popular in the United States that the Keystone Film Company offered him to act in films. So, he emigrated to America and after some problems at the beginning, the audiences were enthusiastic about Chaplin and he became very successful and even the most popular comedian worldwide. English humour had thus conquered the American movies.

'''Becoming independent'''

Until 1917, Chaplin had been under contract with three different film companies. He then decided to become independent by building up his own studios and becoming a producer on his own. He was at least as successful as a producer as he was as an actor; the most famous movies are:

The Kid (1921)
The Circus (1928)
City Lights (1931)
Modern Times (1936)
The Great Dictator (1940)
Limelight (1952)

Although Chaplin was living in the United States, he travelled all over Europe several times and put his impressions he collected there into new films. “Modern Times” for example deals with the European economic and social problems of the 30s.
Watch “Modern Times”:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-UQ7hBGPZ0

'''Death'''

In the late sixties Chaplin’s health began to fail, until he died in Switzerland in 1977. By that time, he had nine children from two different marriages.

Sources:

Chaplin, Charlie. ''Hallo Europa!'' Ed. Chrlotte Pol and Heinz Pol. Leipzig: Paul List Verlag, 1928.

McCaffrey, Donald W., ed. ''Focus on Chaplin''. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

http://www.charliechaplin.com/

Charlie Chaplin

2011-11-10T12:36:46Z

Janna: Created page with 'Charlie Chaplin was an English actor and director, who became famous for his roles in silent films.'

Charlie Chaplin was an English actor and director, who became famous for his roles in silent films.