British Culture - User contributions [en]

London's first coffee house

2013-07-08T10:45:11Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by Pasqua Roseé, who was probably born in Greece in the early seventeenth century.

Roseé was a servant of the British merchant Daniel Edwards in Smyrna (Turkey) and there he developed a taste for the exotic, Arabic, caffeinated drink and made the decision to import it to England, after he and Edwards had to leave Smyrna because of the outbreak of the plague. Back in London the merchant helped Roseé to establish his own business in St Michael’s Alley in Cornhill, known as the “The Turk’s Head” because its sign was Pasqua’s own head.

In his establishment Roseé sold coffee to the public and this was an instant success – he sold over 600 dishes of coffee a day and triggered an explicit coffee house boom in London. Coffee developed to a respectable alternative to the standard breakfast drinks of this time – wine and small beer - and many people swarmed to his shop to meet, to drink the new coffee, think, write and exchange the latest gossip.
Samuel Pepys also was a customer of “The Turk’s Head”. On Monday 10 December 1660 he visited it and entered into his diary: “He and I [went] in the evening to the Coffee House in Cornhill, the first time that ever I was there, and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse” (12 October 1660).

Roseé, as a good businessman, also advertised his new drink in a handbill entitled “The Vertue of the Coffee Drink” (1652); there he claimed e. g. that coffee is good against sore eyes, will prevent drowsiness, and makes one fit for business.

Unfortunately, the success story did not continue for Pasqua Roseé. The foreign coffee house owner was persecuted for much of his stay and career in London by tavern owners who did not like the competition at all. They finally drove him out of the country. There is no record of his life after he had left the British capital, but speculations suggest that he went to the Netherlands and introduced the coffee house concept to Holland in 1664. (
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862).
London tourists and inhabitants can still visit the place of London’s first coffee house by Roseé. Today it is a wine bar, called the “Jamaica Wine House”, which is still situated in St Michael’s Alley, Cornhill. A plaque on the wall of the pub reminds the visitor of the special historic background of the place.
It tells about the founder: “Here stood the first London coffee House at the sign of Pasqua Rosee’s head 1652" (http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html).

'''Sources:'''

1. Citypubs. “The Jamaica Wine House.” ''Citypubs''. N. p., n. d. Web 16.6.13. <http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html>.

2. Cowan, Brian. “Rosee, Pasqua, coffee-house keeper.” ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.'' Oct. 2007. Web 16.6.13. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862>.

3. Davidson, Anita. “London coffee houses.” ''Hoydens and Firebrands''. 8.8.2012. Web 16.6.2013. <http://hoydensandfirebrands.blogspot.de/2010/08/london-coffee-houses.html>.

4. Green, Matthew. “London cafes: the surprising history of London’s lost coffeehouses.” ''The Telegraph''. 20.3.2012. Web 16.6.2013. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/9153317/London-cafes-the-surprising-history-of-Londons-lost-coffeehouses.html>.

5. London Particulars. “Coffee Society.” ''London Particulars''. N. p., 24.3.2012. Web 16.6.2013. <http://londonparticulars.wordpress.com/tag/pasqua-rosee/>.

6. Oxford University Press’s Blog. “Pasqua Rosee and the coffee shop.” ''Oxford University Press’s Blog''. N. p., 27.10.2012. Web 16.6.2013. < http://blog.oup.com/2012/10/pasqua-rosee-and-the-coffee-shop/>.

7. Pepys, Samuel. “Monday 10 December 1660.” ''The Diary of Samuel Pepys''. N.d. Web 16.6.13. <http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10>.

London's first coffee house

2013-07-08T10:42:24Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by Pasqua Roseé, who was probably born in Greece in the early seventeenth century.

Roseé was a servant of the British merchant Daniel Edwards in Smyrna (Turkey) and there he developed a taste for the exotic, Arabic, caffeinated drink and made the decision to import it to England, after he and Edwards had to leave Smyrna because of the outbreak of the plague. Back in London the merchant helped Roseé to establish his own business in St Michael’s Alley in Cornhill, known as the “The Turk’s Head” because its sign was Pasqua’s own head.

In his establishment Roseé sold coffee to the public and this was an instant success – he sold over 600 dishes of coffee a day and triggered an explicit coffee house boom in London. Coffee developed to a respectable alternative to the standard breakfast drinks of this time – wine and small beer - and many people swarmed to his shop to meet, to drink the new coffee, think, write and exchange the latest gossip.
Samuel Pepys also was a customer of “The Turk’s Head”. On Monday 10 December 1660 he visited it and entered into his diary: “He and I [went] in the evening to the Coffee House in Cornhill, the first time that ever I was there, and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse” (12 October 1660).

Roseé, as a good businessman, also advertised his new drink in a handbill entitled “The Vertue of the Coffee Drink” (1652); there he claimed e. g. that coffee is good against sore eyes, will prevent drowsiness, and makes one fit for business.

Unfortunately, the success story did not continue for Pasqua Roseé. The foreign coffee house owner was persecuted for much of his stay and career in London by tavern owners who did not like the competition at all. They finally drove him out of the country. There is no record of his life after he had left the British capital, but speculations suggest that he went to the Netherlands and introduced the coffee house concept to Holland in 1664. (
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862).
London tourists and inhabitants can still visit the place of London’s first coffee house by Roseé. Today it is a wine bar, called the “Jamaica Wine House”, which is still situated in St Michael’s Alley, Cornhill. A plaque on the wall of the pub reminds the visitor of the special historic background of the place.
It tells about the founder: “Here stood the first London coffee House at the sign of Pasqua Rosee’s head 1652" (http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html).

'''Sources:'''

1. Citypubs. “The Jamaica Wine House.” Citypubs. N. p., n. d. Web 16.6.13. <http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html>.

2. Cowan, Brian. “Rosee, Pasqua, coffee-house keeper.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oct. 2007. Web 16.6.13. <http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862>.

3. Davidson, Anita. “London coffee houses.” Hoydens and Firebrands. 8.8.2012. Web 16.6.2013. <http://hoydensandfirebrands.blogspot.de/2010/08/london-coffee-houses.html>.

4. Green, Matthew. “London cafes: the surprising history of London’s lost coffeehouses.” The Telegraph. 20.3.2012. Web 16.6.2013. <http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/9153317/London-cafes-the-surprising-history-of-Londons-lost-coffeehouses.html>.

5. London Particulars. “Coffee Society.” London Particulars. N. p., 24.3.2012. Web 16.6.2013. <http://londonparticulars.wordpress.com/tag/pasqua-rosee/>.

6. Oxford University Press’s Blog. “Pasqua Rosee and the coffee shop.” Oxford University Press’s Blog. N. p., 27.10.2012. Web 16.6.2013. < http://blog.oup.com/2012/10/pasqua-rosee-and-the-coffee-shop/>.

7. Pepys, Samuel. “Monday 10 December 1660.” The Diary of Samuel Pepys. N.d. Web 16.6.13. <http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10>.

London's first coffee house

2013-07-02T14:22:39Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by Pasqua Roseé, who was probably born in Greece in the early seventeenth century.

Roseé was a servant of the British merchant Daniel Edwards in Smyrna (Turkey) and there he developed a taste for the exotic, Arabic, caffeinated drink and made the decision to import it to England, after he and Edwards had to leave Smyrna because of the outbreak of the plague. Back in London the merchant helped Roseé to establish his own business in St Michael’s Alley in Cornhill, known as the “The Turk’s Head” because its sign was Pasqua’s own head.

In his establishment Roseé sold coffee to the public and this was an instant success – he sold over 600 dishes of coffee a day and triggered an explicit coffee house boom in London. Coffee developed to a respectable alternative to the standard breakfast drinks of this time – wine and small beer - and many people swarmed to his shop to meet, to drink the new coffee, think, write and exchange the latest gossip.
Samuel Pepys also was a customer of “The Turk’s Head”. On Monday 10 December 1660 he visited it and entered into his diary: “He and I [went] in the evening to the Coffee House in Cornhill, the first time that ever I was there, and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse.” (http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/).

Roseé, as a good businessman, also advertised his new drink in a handbill entitled “The Vertue of the Coffee Drink” (1652); there he claimed e. g. that coffee is good against sore eyes, will prevent drowsiness, and makes one fit for business.

Unfortunately, the success story did not continue for Pasqua Roseé. The foreign coffee house owner was persecuted for much of his stay and career in London by tavern owners who did not like the competition at all. They finally drove him out of the country. There is no record of his life after he had left the British capital, but speculations suggest that he went to the Netherlands and introduced the coffee house concept to Holland in 1664. (
http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862).
London tourists and inhabitants can still visit the place of London’s first coffee house by Roseé. Today it is a wine bar, called the “Jamaica Wine House”, which is still situated in St. Michael’s Alley, Cornhill. A plaque on the wall of the pub reminds the visitor of the special historic background of the place.
It tells about the founder: “Here stood the first London coffee House at the sign of Pasqua Rosee’s head 1652"(http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html).

'''Sources:'''

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/9153317/London-cafes-the-surprising-history-of-Londons-lost-coffeehouses.html (16.6.13)

http://blog.oup.com/2012/10/pasqua-rosee-and-the-coffee-shop/ (16.6.13)

http://londonparticulars.wordpress.com/tag/pasqua-rosee/ (16.6.13)

http://hoydensandfirebrands.blogspot.de/2010/08/london-coffee-houses.html (16.6.13)

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862 (16.6.13)

http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html (16.6.13)

http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/ (16.6.13)

London's first coffee house

2013-06-16T18:49:40Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by the eccentric Pasqua Roseé, who was probably born in Greek in the early seventeenth century. Roseé was a servant for the British merchant Daniel Edwards in Smyrna (Turkey) and there he developed a taste for the exotic, Arabic, caffeinated drink and made the excellent decision to import it to England, after he and Edwards had to leave Smyrna because of the outbreak of the plague. Back in London the merchant helped Roseé to establish his own business in St. Michael’s Alley in Cornhill, known as the “The Turk’s Head” because its sign was Pasqua’s own head. In his establishment Roseé sold coffee to the public and this was an instant success – he sold over 600 dishes of coffee a day and triggered an explicit coffee house boom in London. Coffee developed to a respectable alternative to the standard breakfast drinks of this time – wine and small beer- and many people swarmed to his shop to meet, to drink the new coffee, think, write and exchange the latest gossip. Also Samuel Pepys is reputed to be a customer of “The Turk’s Head”. On Monday 10th December 1660 he visited it and entered into his diary: “He and I [went] in the evening to the Coffee House in Cornhill, the first time that ever I was there, and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse.” (http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/).

Roseé, as a good businessman, also advertised his new drink in a handbill entitled “The Vertue of the Coffee Drink” (1652); there he claimed e. g. that coffee is good against sore eyes, will prevent drowsiness, and makes one fit for business. Unfortunately Pasqua Roseé hadn’t experienced a lifelong career with his “Turk’s Head”. The foreign coffee house owner was persecuted for much of his stay and career in London by tavern owners who didn’t like the competition with the successful businessman at all. They finally drove him out of the country. There is no record of his life after his had left the British capital, but speculations suggest that he went to the Netherlands and introduced the coffee house concept to Holland in 1664.
London tourists and inhabitants can still visit the place of London’s first coffee house by Roseé. Today it is a pub, a wine bar, called the “Jamaica Wine House”, which is still situated in St. Michael’s Alley, Cornhill. A plaque on the wall of the pub reminds the visitor of the special historic background of the place.
It tells about the founder: “Here stood the first London coffee House at the sign of Pasqua Rosee’s head 1652."(http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html).

'''Sources:'''

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/9153317/London-cafes-the-surprising-history-of-Londons-lost-coffeehouses.html (16.6.13)

http://blog.oup.com/2012/10/pasqua-rosee-and-the-coffee-shop/ (16.6.13)

http://londonparticulars.wordpress.com/tag/pasqua-rosee/ (16.6.13)

http://hoydensandfirebrands.blogspot.de/2010/08/london-coffee-houses.html (16.6.13)

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862 (16.6.13)

http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html (16.6.13)

http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/ (16.6.13)

London's first coffee house

2013-06-16T18:46:28Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by the eccentric Pasqua Roseé, who was probably born in Greek in the early seventeenth century. Roseé was a servant for the British merchant Daniel Edwards in Smyrna (Turkey) and there he developed a taste for the exotic, Arabic, caffeinated drink and made the excellent decision to import it to England, after he and Edwards had to leave Smyrna because of the outbreak of the plague. Back in London the merchant helped Roseé to establish his own business in St. Michael’s Alley in Cornhill, known as the “The Turk’s Head” because its sign was Pasqua’s own head. In his establishment Roseé sold coffee to the public and this was an instant success – he sold over 600 dishes of coffee a day and triggered an explicit coffee house boom in London. Coffee developed to a respectable alternative to the standard breakfast drinks of this time – wine and small beer- and many people swarmed to his shop to meet, to drink the new coffee, think, write and exchange the latest gossip. Also Samuel Pepys is reputed to be a customer of “The Turk’s Head”. On Monday 10th December 1660 he visited it and entered into his diary: “He and I in the evening to the Coffee House in Cornhill, the first time that ever I was there, and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse.” (http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/).

Roseé as a good businessman also advertised his new drink in a handbill entitled “The Vertue of the Coffee Drink” (1652); there he claimed e. g. that coffee is good against sore eyes, will prevent drowsiness, and makes one fit for business. Unfortunately Pasqua Roseé hadn’t experienced a lifelong career with his “Turk’s Head”. The foreign coffee house owner was persecuted for much of his stay and career in London by tavern owners who didn’t like the competition with the successful businessman at all. They finally drove him out of the country. There is no record of his life after his had left the British capital, but speculations suggest that he went to the Netherlands and introduced the coffee house concept to Holland in 1664. London tourists and inhabitants can still visit the place of London’s first coffee house by Roseé. Today it is a pub, a wine bar, called the “Jamaica Wine House”, which is still situated in St. Michael’s Alley, Cornhill. A plaque on the wall of the pub reminds the visitor of the special historic background of the place.
It tells about the founder: “Here stood the first London coffee House at the sign of Pasqua Rosee’s head 1652."(http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html).

'''Sources:'''

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/9153317/London-cafes-the-surprising-history-of-Londons-lost-coffeehouses.html (16.6.13)

http://blog.oup.com/2012/10/pasqua-rosee-and-the-coffee-shop/ (16.6.13)

http://londonparticulars.wordpress.com/tag/pasqua-rosee/ (16.6.13)

http://hoydensandfirebrands.blogspot.de/2010/08/london-coffee-houses.html (16.6.13)

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862 (16.6.13)

http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html (16.6.13)

http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/ (16.6.13)

London's first coffee house

2013-06-16T18:46:04Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by the eccentric Pasqua Roseé, who was probably born in Greek in the early seventeenth century. Roseé was a servant for the British merchant Daniel Edwards in Smyrna (Turkey) and there he developed a taste for the exotic, Arabic, caffeinated drink and made the excellent decision to import it to England, after he and Edwards had to leave Smyrna because of the outbreak of the plague. Back in London the merchant helped Roseé to establish his own business in St. Michael’s Alley in Cornhill, known as the “The Turk’s Head” because its sign was Pasqua’s own head. In his establishment Roseé sold coffee to the public and this was an instant success – he sold over 600 dishes of coffee a day and triggered an explicit coffee house boom in London. Coffee developed to a respectable alternative to the standard breakfast drinks of this time – wine and small beer- and many people swarmed to his shop to meet, to drink the new coffee, think , write and exchange the latest gossip. Also Samuel Pepys is reputed to be a customer of “The Turk’s Head”. On Monday 10th December 1660 he visited it and entered into his diary: “He and I in the evening to the Coffee House in Cornhill, the first time that ever I was there, and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse.” (http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/).

Roseé as a good businessman also advertised his new drink in a handbill entitled “The Vertue of the Coffee Drink” (1652); there he claimed e. g. that coffee is good against sore eyes, will prevent drowsiness, and makes one fit for business. Unfortunately Pasqua Roseé hadn’t experienced a lifelong career with his “Turk’s Head”. The foreign coffee house owner was persecuted for much of his stay and career in London by tavern owners who didn’t like the competition with the successful businessman at all. They finally drove him out of the country. There is no record of his life after his had left the British capital, but speculations suggest that he went to the Netherlands and introduced the coffee house concept to Holland in 1664. London tourists and inhabitants can still visit the place of London’s first coffee house by Roseé. Today it is a pub, a wine bar, called the “Jamaica Wine House”, which is still situated in St. Michael’s Alley, Cornhill. A plaque on the wall of the pub reminds the visitor of the special historic background of the place.
It tells about the founder: “Here stood the first London coffee House at the sign of Pasqua Rosee’s head 1652."(http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html).

'''Sources:'''

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/9153317/London-cafes-the-surprising-history-of-Londons-lost-coffeehouses.html (16.6.13)

http://blog.oup.com/2012/10/pasqua-rosee-and-the-coffee-shop/ (16.6.13)

http://londonparticulars.wordpress.com/tag/pasqua-rosee/ (16.6.13)

http://hoydensandfirebrands.blogspot.de/2010/08/london-coffee-houses.html (16.6.13)

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862 (16.6.13)

http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html (16.6.13)

http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/ (16.6.13)

London's first coffee house

2013-06-16T18:41:43Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by the eccentric Pasqua Roseé, who was probably born in Greek in the early seventeenth century. Roseé was a servant for the British merchant Daniel Edwards in Smyrna (Turkey) and there he developed a taste for the exotic, Arabic, caffeinated drink and made the excellent decision to import it to England, after he and Edwards had to leave Smyrna because of the outbreak of the plague. Back in London the merchant helped Roseé to establish his own business in St. Michael’s Alley in Cornhill, known as the “The Turk’s Head” because its sign was Pasqua’s own head. In his establishment Roseé sold coffee to the public and this was an instant success – he sold over 600 dishes of coffee a day and triggered an explicit coffee house boom in London. Coffee developed to a respectable alternative to the standard breakfast drinks of this time – wine and small beer- and many people swarmed to his shop to meet, drank the new coffee, thought, wrote and exchanged the latest gossip. Also Samuel Pepys is reputed to be a customer of “The Turk’s Head”. On Monday 10th December 1660 he visited it and entered into his diary: “He and I in the evening to the Coffee House in Cornhill, the first time that ever I was there, and I found much pleasure in it, through the diversity of company and discourse.” (http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/).

Roseé as a good businessman also advertised his new drink in a handbill entitled “The Vertue of the Coffee Drink” (1652); there he claimed e. g. that coffee is good against sore eyes, will prevent drowsiness, and makes one fit for business. Unfortunately Pasqua Roseé hadn’t experienced a lifelong career with his “Turk’s Head”. The foreign coffee house owner was persecuted for much of his stay and career in London by tavern owners who didn’t like the competition with the successful businessman at all. They finally drove him out of the country. There is no record of his life after his had left the British capital, but speculations suggest that he went to the Netherlands and introduced the coffee house concept to Holland in 1664. London tourists and inhabitants can still visit the place of London’s first coffee house by Roseé. Today it is a pub, a wine bar, called the “Jamaica Wine House”, which is still situated in St. Michael’s Alley, Cornhill. A plaque on the wall of the pub reminds the visitor of the special historic background of the place.
It tells about the founder: “Here stood the first London coffee House at the sign of Pasqua Rosee’s head 1652."(http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html).

'''Sources:'''

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/uk/london/9153317/London-cafes-the-surprising-history-of-Londons-lost-coffeehouses.html (16.6.13)

http://blog.oup.com/2012/10/pasqua-rosee-and-the-coffee-shop/ (16.6.13)

http://londonparticulars.wordpress.com/tag/pasqua-rosee/ (16.6.13)

http://hoydensandfirebrands.blogspot.de/2010/08/london-coffee-houses.html (16.6.13)

http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/92862 (16.6.13)

http://www.citypubs.co.uk/pubs/thejamaicawinehouse.html (16.6.13)

http://www.pepysdiary.com/diary/1660/12/10/ (16.6.13)

London's first coffee house

2013-06-16T15:11:50Z

Daisy200:

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by the eccentric Pasqua Roseé. Roseé was a servant for a British merchant in Turkey and there he ….

Article in progress...

London's first coffee house

2013-06-16T15:11:25Z

Daisy200: Created page with 'In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by the eccentric Pasqua Roseé. Roseé was a servant for a British merchant in Turkey and there he …. Article in Progress...'

In 1652 London’s first coffee house was opened by the eccentric Pasqua Roseé. Roseé was a servant for a British merchant in Turkey and there he ….

Article in Progress...

Inkhorn Debate

2013-01-13T18:39:20Z

Daisy200:

The so-called inkhorn debate or inkhorn controversy terms a debate which originated during the Renaissance in England and which forcefully was taking place in the 16th and 17th century. It focuses on the tension between non-native and native vocabulary and the important question among scholars was, whether the English language should eliminate Greek and Latin loanwords and concentrate on its Anglo-Saxon roots. It was the first time in English history when people actively discussed the English language use and this discussion arose from the fact, that the Renaissance was not only a time of freedom of ideas, but also a time for freedom in language – that means freedom in borrowing and creating words. Scholars estimate that between 1500 and 1660 round about 27,000 new words entered the English language and half of these neologisms were probably loans (van Gelderen 176) – most of them from Latin and Greek, e. g. ''delirium, disability, expectation, atmosphere'' and ''folio'', and from other languages, as well (e.g. Italian, French and Spain).
The term ‘inkhorn term’ appeared in 1560 for the first time. Usually the term ‘inkhorn’ refers to a container for ink, but within the ''controversy'' it was used for a ‘learned or bookish’ word. Many of these inkhorn terms were introduced into the English language by writers and scholars through borrowing from classical literature. The main argument against these loanwords was that was they were verbiage and that they should be replaced by native English words, because they would ‘corrupt’ the language. Of course some of these words coexisted with native English words, but some of them also filled a semantic gap in the English language.
This controversy and debate about borrowed words and ‘a pure native language’ even nowadays remains significant, in England not to the same extent as e. g. in Iceland and France, but it is still hovering around in some people’s minds and attitudes and it is going against the linguistic view of diversification.

'''Sources:'''

Gelderen, Elly van. ''A History of the English Language''. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006.

Internet Sources:

http://pandayellow.wordpress.com/2012/10/10/cb-inkhorn-debate/ (13.01.13)

http://www.serendipity35.net/index.php?/archives/557-The-Inkhorn-Controversy-and-Composition-in-a-Digital-Age.html (13.01.13)

http://campus.albion.edu/english/2012/11/06/the-inkhorn-controversy/ (13.01.13)

Inkhorn Debate

2013-01-13T14:04:50Z

Daisy200: Created page with 'Article in progress'

Article in progress

The Shard

2012-06-11T21:34:08Z

Daisy200:

The Shard – an enigmatic skyscraper in London with a crystalline facade – is the tallest building in Western Europe (currently under construction) which is built by the Italian master architect Renzo Piano und the British developer Irvine Sellar. The triangular tower which is located in a busy area of London - London Bridge Quarter (address: 32 London Bridge, Southwark ) – has an impressive height of 310 meters. The construction plan for the ca. £ 450-million-project was signed in February 2009 and in July 2012 (5.7) the glass tower is formally opened in a ceremony by the Prime Minister of Qatar and by the Duke of York, Prince Andrew. The vision of the 74-year old Piano was to build a “vertical city in the sky” and with the Shard - also known under the terms “Shard of Glass” (because its glass wedge silhouette), “Shard London Bridge” or “London Bridge Tower” – this dream came true. The 72 floors and 900,000 square feet of the building offer a mix of restaurants, offices (on floors 4 to 31), a luxury hotel (Europe’s first 5-star Shangari-La Hotel, on floors 73 to 51), 114 exclusive residential apartments (on floors 52 to 64) and London’s highest public viewing gallery offering 360° views. The 72-year old Sellar, who believes the building will change London for centuries, explains proudly: “From here you can look out on more than thousand years of history.” Already in 2012 the height of the Shard of Glass will be surpassed by Moscow’s 332-metre Mercury City Tower, but nevertheless the gigantic skyscraper will be one of the capital’s most impressive and dynamic buildings – a great and spectacular postmodern architectural achievement.

'''References:'''

Powell, Kenneth: New London Architecture. London: Merrell Publishers, 2003

Powell, Kenneth: 21-Century London: The New Architecture. London: Merrell Publishers, 2011

http:.//www.e-architect.co.uk/london/the_shard_london.htm

http://www.emporis.com/buildings/the-shard-london-united-kingdom

http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/the-shard-the-building-that-will-change-london-forever-a-806785.html

http://www.londonbridgequarter.com/the-shard/overview

The Shard

2012-06-11T21:28:57Z

Daisy200:

'''The Shard'''

The Shard – an enigmatic skyscraper in London with a crystalline facade – is the tallest building in Western Europe (currently under construction) which is built by the Italian master architect Renzo Piano und the British developer Irvine Sellar. The triangular tower which is located in a busy area of London - London Bridge Quarter (address: 32 London Bridge, Southwark ) – has an impressive height of 310 meters. The construction plan for the ca. £ 450-million-project was signed in February 2009 and in July 2012 (5.7) the glass tower is formally opened in a ceremony by the Prime Minister of Qatar and by the Duke of York, Prince Andrew. The vision of the 74-year old Piano was to build a “vertical city in the sky” and with the Shard - also known under the terms “Shard of Glass” (because its glass wedge silhouette), “Shard London Bridge” or “London Bridge Tower” – this dream came true. The 72 floors and 900,000 square feet of the building offer a mix of restaurants, offices (on floors 4 to 31), a luxury hotel (Europe’s first 5-star Shangari-La Hotel, on floors 73 to 51), 114 exclusive residential apartments (on floors 52 to 64) and London’s highest public viewing gallery offering 360° views. The 72-year old Sellar, who believes the building will change London for centuries, explains proudly: “From here you can look out on more than thousand years of history.” Already in 2012 the height of the Shard of Glass will be surpassed by Moscow’s 332-metre Mercury City Tower, but nevertheless the gigantic skyscraper will be one of the capital’s most impressive and dynamic buildings – a great and spectacular postmodern architectural achievement.

'''References:'''

Powell, Kenneth: New London Architecture. London: Merrell Publishers, 2003

Powell, Kenneth: 21-Century London: The New Architecture. London: Merrell Publishers, 2011

http:.//www.e-architect.co.uk/london/the_shard_london.htm

http://www.emporis.com/buildings/the-shard-london-united-kingdom

http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/the-shard-the-building-that-will-change-london-forever-a-806785.html

http://www.londonbridgequarter.com/the-shard/overview

The Shard

2012-06-11T17:25:31Z

Daisy200: Created page with 'The Shard Article - in progress'

The Shard

Article - in progress

Highpoint One and Two

2011-12-06T12:58:29Z

Daisy200:

Highpoint One and Two

Highpoint One and Two (so called because they are located on a hill - the Highgate Ridge- and offer a brilliant view over Hampstead) are two blocks of apartments in London, designed by the Russian-born architect Berthold Romanovich Lubetkin (* 14.12.1901 in Tiflis (Georgia); + 23.10.1990) and built by his firm Tecton. Lubetkin, who emigrated to London in 1931, became a modernism-movement pioneer of the capital. (His built projects also include the London Zoo penguin pool and the Finsbury Health Centre.)

Highpoint One was built first (1933-1935) and one year after completing the first complex of flats, Highpoint Two was erected in 1936-1938. Both blocks are characterized by clear geometric figures and technical ingenuity. Hightpoint One is a seven-storey double-cruciform block and consists of sixty-four apartments. In the concern of innovation and technical equipment the buildings were very advanced for the 1930s - Highpoint One offered two elevators in the lobby, long sliding folding widows, central heating, built-in refrigerators etc. Highpoint Two is the smaller one, containing only twelve maisonettes instead of the sixty-four flats, but these were designed much more luxuriously, e.g. dramatic high living rooms reveal a fantastic view over the extensive gardens. Before the 1930s this concept of living in apartment blocks was not usual in Britain. Berthold Lubetkin was inspired for this social housing project by travelling e. g. through Russia and Germany and brought this idea of the new international architecture to England.Tourists and visitors of London who want to take a sightseeing trip to the two modern housing landmarks in Britain, have to visit the following address: North Hill N6 (Highgate), north London, England- there the first examples of modern British architecture can be admired.

Sources:

Allan, John: ''Bertold Lubetkin''. London: RIBA Publications, 1992.

Sharp, Dennis: ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture''. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991.

http://www.open2.net/modernity/3_4.htm

http://housingprototypes.org/project?File_No=ENG002

http://www.designmuseum.org/design/berthold-lubetkin

http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0409/culture_1-1.html

Highpoint One and Two

2011-12-06T12:56:21Z

Daisy200:

Highpoint One and Two

Highpoint One and Two (so called because they are located on a hill - the Highgate Ridge- and offer a brilliant view over Hampstead) are two blocks of apartments in London, designed by the Russian-born architect Berthold Romanovich Lubetkin (* 14.12.1901 in Tiflis (Georgia); + 23.10.1990) and built by his firm Tecton. Lubetkin, who emigrated to London in 1931, became a modernism-movement pioneer of the capital. (His built projects also include the London Zoo penguin pool and the Finsbury Health Centre.)

Highpoint One was built first (1933-1935) and one year after completing the first complex of flats, Highpoint Two was erected in 1936-1938. Both blocks are characterized by clear geometric figures and technical ingenuity. Hightpoint One is a seven-storey double-cruciform block and consists of sixty-four apartments. In the concern of innovation and technical equipment the buildings were very advanced for the 1930s - Highpoint One offered two elevators in the lobby, long sliding folding widows, central heating, built-in refrigerators etc. Highpoint Two is the smaller one, containing only twelve maisonettes instead of the sixty-four flats, but these were designed much more luxuriously, e.g. dramatic high living rooms reveal a fantastic view over the extensive gardens. Before the 1930s this concept of living in apartment blocks was not usual in Britain. Berthold Lubetkin was inspired for this social housing project by travelling e. g. through Russia and Germany and brought this idea of the new international architecture to England.Tourists and visitors of London who want to take a sightseeing trip to the two modern housing landmarks in Britain, have to visit the following address: North Hill N6 (Highgate), north London, England- there the first examples of modern British architecture can be admired.

Sources:

Allan, John: Bertold Lubetkin. London: RIBA Publications, 1992.

Sharp, Dennis: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991.

http://www.open2.net/modernity/3_4.htm

http://housingprototypes.org/project?File_No=ENG002

http://www.designmuseum.org/design/berthold-lubetkin

http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0409/culture_1-1.html

Highpoint One and Two

2011-12-06T12:33:53Z

Daisy200: Created page with 'Highpoint One and Two Highpoint One and Two (so called because they are located on a hill - the Highgate Ridge- and offer a brilliant view over Hampstead) are two blocks of apar…'

Highpoint One and Two

Highpoint One and Two (so called because they are located on a hill - the Highgate Ridge- and offer a brilliant view over Hampstead) are two blocks of apartments in London, designed by the Russian-born architect Berthold Romanovich Lubetkin (* 14.12.1901 in Tiflis (Georgia); + 23.10.1990) and built by his firm Tecton. Lubetkin, who emigrated to London in 1931, became a modernism-movement pioneer of the capital. (His built projects also include the London Zoo penguin pool and the Finsbury Health Centre.)

Highpoint One was built first (1933-1935) and one year after completing the first complex of flats, Highpoint Two was erected in 1936-1938. Both blocks are characterized by clear geometric figures and technical ingenuity. Hightpoint One is a seven-storey double-cruciform block and consists of sixty-four apartments. In the concern of innovation and technical equipment the buildings were very advanced for the 1930s - Highpoint One offered two elevators in the lobby, long sliding folding widows, central heating, built-in refrigerators etc. Highpoint Two is the smaller one, containing only twelve maisonettes instead of the sixty-four flats, but these were designed much more luxuriously, e.g. dramatic high living rooms reveal a fantastic view over the extensive gardens. Before the 1930s this concept of living in apartment blocks was not usual in Britain. Berthold Lubetkin was inspired for this social housing project by travelling e. g. through Russia and Germany and brought this idea of the new international architecture to England.
Tourists and visitors of London who want to take a sightseeing trip to the two modern housing landmarks in Britain, have to visit the following address: North Hill N6 (Highgate), north London, England- there the first examples of modern British architecture can be admired.

Sources:
Allan, John: Bertold Lubetkin. London: RIBA Publications, 1992.
Sharp, Dennis: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991.
http://www.open2.net/modernity/3_4.htm
http://housingprototypes.org/project?File_No=ENG002
http://www.designmuseum.org/design/berthold-lubetkin
http://www.architectureweek.com/2003/0409/culture_1-1.html